Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 3, 2017

The Oil War Is Only Just Getting Started. It’s been a month now that investors and analysts have been closely watching two main drivers for oil prices: how OPEC is doing with the supply-cut deal, and how US shale is responding to fifty-plus-dollar oil with rebounding drilling activity.

Oil 150

Oil Saudi Arabia Oil Prices Low Cost 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 7, 2017

Compared to the reference case, in which gasoline vehicles (ICEVs) remain dominant through 2050 (BAU), OPT results in 16% and 36% reductions in LDV greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for 2030 and 2050, respectively, corresponding to 5% and 9% reductions in economy-wide emissions. Credit: ACS, Keshavarzmohammadian et al. Click to enlarge.

Emissions 150

Emissions Economy Gasoline-Electric Coal 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 14, 2015

AEO2015 presents updated projections for US energy markets through 2040 based on six cases (Reference, Low and High Economic Growth, Low and High Oil Price, and High Oil and Gas Resource) that reflect updated scenarios for future crude oil prices. trillion cubic feet (Tcf) in the Low Oil Price case to 13.1

2020 150

2020 Energy Transportation Oil Prices 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2012

The Nikkei reports that the nationwide average price in Japan for regular gasoline was ¥139.8 per gallon US) as of Monday, dropping for the 13 th straight week to a 16-month low, according to the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy. per liter ($6.65

Japan 258

Japan Gasoline Fuel Gasoline-Electric 258

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

Shale gas offsets declines in other US supply to meet. The Annual Energy Outlook 2011 (AEO2011) Reference case released yesterday by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) more than doubles the technically recoverable US shale gas resources assumed in AEO2010 and added new shale oil resources. Source: EIA.

Gas 199

Gas 2011 Price Energy 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2011

Unconventional liquids become increasingly important in the total supply of liquid fuels, according to IEO2011. World oil prices remain high in the IEO2011 Reference case, but oil consumption continues to grow; both conventional and unconventional liquid supplies are used to meet rising demand. Click to enlarge.

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Oil-Sands Oil 2008 Oil Prices 220

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 13, 2017

As the kingdom endeavors to satisfy these competing demand sources, it increasingly sacrifices one of its most important strategic assets, the spare oil production capacity that it uses to balance markets in times of disrupted supply. Further, in theory, higher oil production also shortens the time horizon to full depletion.

Saudi Arabia 150

Saudi Arabia Oil Production Climate 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 6, 2015

Energy is the foundation of Russia, its economy, its government, and its political system. While oil and natural gas are crucial to Russia, Russia’s crude and natural gas are crucial to its neighbors on the Eurasian landmass. Russia supplied about 30 percent (146.6 mmbbl/day) in 2013. Death by Energy.

Russia 150

Russia Saudi Arabia Iran Iraq 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 27, 2009

With strong economic growth and continued heavy reliance on fossil fuels expected for most of the non-OECD economies, much of the increase in carbon dioxide emissions is projected to occur among the developing, non-OECD nations. World oil prices have fallen sharply from their July 2008 high mark. million barrels per day.

2006 150

2006 Emissions Energy Oil-Sands 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2013

The rising fuel economy of LDVs more than offsets the modest growth in VMT, resulting in a 25% decline in LDV energy consumption decline between 2012 and 2040 in the AEO2014 Reference case. Some other key findings of the AEO2014 Reference case include: Low natural gas prices boost natural gas-intensive industries. per year, from 21.5

Oil 290

Oil Light Energy Vehicles 290

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 15, 2012

The KPMG study, “Expect the Unexpected: Building Business Value in a Changing World”, explores issues such as climate change, energy and fuel volatility, water availability and cost and resource availability, as well as population growth spawning new urban centers. Population Growth: The world population is expected to grow to 8.4

Climate Change 310

Climate Change Water Climate Global 310

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 27, 2011

Technically feasible levels of energy efficiency and decarbonized energy supply alone will not be sufficient to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80% below 1990 levels by 2050, according to a detailed modeling of the California economy performed by a team from Energy and Environmental Economics, the Monterey. Williams et al.

Climate 262

Climate California Fuel Gas-Electric 262

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2012

Bartis and RAND colleague Lawrence van Bibbe were the authors of a 2011 RAND report concluding that if the US military increased its use of alternative jet and naval fuels that can be produced from coal or various renewable resources, including seed oils, waste oils and algae, there would be no direct benefit to the nation’s armed forces.

Price 225

Price Oil-Sands Turkey Fuel 225

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2012

new appliance standards and CAFE) and changes in the way energy is used in the US economy. quadrillion Btu in 2035, as a result of fuel economy improvements achieved through stock turnover as older, less efficient vehicles are replaced by newer, more fuel-efficient vehicles. million, or less than one-half the 2.9 than in AEO2012.

Fuel 225

Fuel Energy Sale 2013 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 15, 2010

Debate about the future of oil sands development is so contentious that even the name of the resource is disputed: proponents typically use oil sands while opponents use tar sands. A growing supply of unconventional transportation fuels would tend to moderate oil prices and would drive up emissions on a life cycle basis.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Coal 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

The oil price shocks of the 1970s led the Brazilian government to address the strain high prices were placing on its fragile economy. Brazil, the largest and most populous country in South America, was importing 80% of its oil and 40% of its foreign exchange was used to pay for that imported oil.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2010

I believe we are on the cusp of the next great tectonic shift in our economy, one that will transform the way we use energy both in our homes and on the road. Employment in the industries that supply key electric and electronic components to electric vehicles would increase by 112,000 jobs. Global Demand for Oil.

Grid 186

Grid Vehicles 2008 Oil 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 2, 2013

In contrast to arguments that peak conventional oil production is imminent due to physical resource scarcity, a team from Stanford University and UC Santa Cruz has examined the alternative possibility of reduced oil use due to improved efficiency and oil substitution. —Brandt et al.

Oil 207

Oil Oil-Sands Fuel Economy Transportation 207

Green Car Congress

JULY 20, 2012

savings stimulated by high oil prices led to a decrease of 3% in CO 2 emissions in the European Union and of 2% in both the United States and Japan. tonnes per capita, despite a decline due to the recession in 2008-2009, high oil prices and an increased share of natural gas. tonnes per capita. the United States (16%).

2011 236

2011 Emissions CO2 Global 236

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 12, 2012

The cost of fossil-fuel subsidies has been driven up by higher oil prices; they remain most prevalent in the Middle East and North Africa, where momentum towards their reform appears to have been lost. Despite the growth in low-carbon sources of energy, fossil fuels remain dominant in the global energy mix, supported. — WEO-2012.

Global 225

Global 2012 Energy Oil 225

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2011

Electrification will also reduce oil dependence, providing foreign policy benefits and the potential to reduce real oil prices and oil price volatility. Electrification will reduce emissions, with the scale determined by the carbon intensity of the power sector. Vehicle technologies. —Deutch and Moniz.

Transportation 252

Transportation MIT Oil Prices Oil 252

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2010

short, large supplies of CO 2. Among the other conclusions of the study are: In their most economical configuration (without CO 2 buffer storage), the low carbon utilization (13-25%) of CCTF severely limits the fraction of US transportation fuels that can be supplied by CCTF, but the carbon utilization can be roughly tripled at modest cost.

Transportation 231

Transportation Convert Waste CO2 231

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2015

OPEC next gathers December 4 in Vienna, just over a year since Saudi Oil Minister Ali Al-Naimi announced at the previous OPEC winter meeting the Saudi decision to let the oil market determine oil prices rather than to continue Saudi Arabia's role of guarantor of $100+/bbl oil. trillion of $3.05 billion vs. $1.6

Saudi Arabia 150

Saudi Arabia Russia Oil 2015 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 3, 2010

California’s LCFS also would have little or no impact on GHG emissions nationwide and would harm our nation’s energy security by discouraging the use of Canadian crude oil—our nation’s largest source of crude—and ethanol produced in the American Midwest. The LCFS is an ineffective tool for reducing GHG emissions. NPRA President Charles T.

California 199

California Oil-Sands Oil 2005 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2009

Costs will decline with technology improvements and economies of scale, but Li-ion batteries are already being produced in great numbers for consumer devices and are well along their learning curves, according to the NRC report. Most of the electricity used to power these cars will be supplied from the nation’s power grid.

Plug-in 186

Plug-in Plug PHEV Hybrid 186

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 10, 2014

oil shale), and refinery gain. World markets for petroleum and other liquid fuels have entered a period of dynamic change in both supply and demand, the EIA noted, leading to its reassessment of its outlook for long-term global liquid fuels markets in IEO2014. per year, as the mature economies react to sustained high fuel prices.

Asia 341

Asia Transportation Oil-Sands Oil Prices 341

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 28, 2011

DOE recognizes that technology developments can help make vehicles more efficient and alternative fuels more economic, but the deployment of any technologies it helps develop is largely determined by policies, such as Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards. Impartial DOE research can help inform these standards.

Transportation 218

Transportation Fuel Economy Light Fuel 218

Green Car Congress

MARCH 30, 2012

Encouraging bio-manufacturing and its associated value chain development, and building upon its current expertise in producing conventional parts for automakers, may position the Great Lakes region at a global competitive advantage as oil prices climb, and the demand for more bio-based parts increases.

Polymer 218

Polymer Cars Automobile Standards 218

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 31, 2009

A crude oil price of US$100/bbl results in an approximate cost of €0.56/L A sufficient and sustainable long-term supply with liquid hydrocarbon fuels seems possible only for special applications where liquid fuels are hard to replace e.g., as aviation fuel. With ±30% estimate error, this is between €0.56 per liter (US$2.72-5.03/gallon

Cost Of 150

Cost Of Motor Motors Motoring 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 18, 2010

Other key factors affecting both take-up and viability include the vehicle cost and rate at which it converges with ICE vehicles (this is largely driven by battery costs), fuel prices (particularly higher oil prices), vehicle range and the existence of local supply constraints. Economic Viability of Electric Vehicles.

Australia 199

Australia Market Plug-in Plug 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 14, 2011

Current high prices of food, oil and many other resources are indications of increasing scarcity. Global Resource Scarcities and Policies in the European Union and the Netherlands”, examines scarcity using a framework comprising three dimensions: physical, economic and political. Source: PBL. Click to enlarge.

Market 186

Market Netherlands Price Oil 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 5, 2009

Biofuels production has had mixed effects on US agriculture with respect to land use, crop selection, livestock production, rural economies, and food prices, the report found. Unless crude oil prices rise significantly, GAO found, the VEETC is not expected to stimulate ethanol consumption beyond the level the RFS.

Tax Credit 170

Tax Credit Industrial Industry Tax 170

Plug In Partners

JULY 7, 2006

By preparing now for a future of scarce world oil supplies, we can build an economy with a more resilient foundation for jobs and prosperity. the buffer between supply and demand is much too small to absorb shutdowns of even a small part of the world's oil demand."

Oil 100

Oil Washington Plug-in Gasoline-Electric 100

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2013

China is about to become the largest oil-importing country and India becomes the largest importer of coal by the early 2020s. The US moves steadily towards meeting all of its energy needs from domestic resources by 2035. Contributions to global oil production growth. Technology and oil. Source: IEA. Click to enlarge.

Oil 275

Oil 2013 Energy Emissions 275

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2011

Under the WEO 2011 central scenario, oil demand rises from 87 million barrels per day (mb/d) in 2010 to 99 mb/d in 2035, with all the net growth coming from the transport sector in emerging economies. Short-term pressures on oil markets are easing with the economic slowdown and the expected return of Libyan supply.

Oil 247

Oil Transportation Cheap Fleet 247

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 30, 2009

moves to tighten fuel-economy and greenhouse gasrules. Automakers must plan for an eventual tightening of globaloil supplies and pressure to cut greenhouse gases, Fukui said. Oil prices are going to go up. General Motors Corp., Toyota Motor Corp. and Nissan MotorCo., and startups Tesla Motors Inc.

Obama 53

Obama Honda Plug-in Plug 53

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2011

While US automakers are working on PEVs, the US electric vehicle industry lags behind other regions—particularly Asia—in the areas of battery manufacturing, supply chain development, and raw materials production. PEV offerings have also been announced throughout Europe and Asia. The Report of an Expert Panel.

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Plug-in 2015 Plug Recharge 218