2005, Carbon, Congress and Ozone

Study: surface ozone in India in 2005 damaged 6M tonnes of crops, enough to feed 94M people in poverty

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2014

Ozone, the main component of smog, is a plant-damaging pollutant formed by emissions from vehicles, cooking stoves and other sources. New research shows that ozone pollution damaged millions of tons of wheat, rice, soybean and cotton crops in India in 2005. Surface ozone pollution in India damaged 6 million metric tons (6.7

Ozone

Ozone 2005 India Pollution

WHO issues new, lower Global Air Quality Guidelines for classical pollutants

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

Since WHO’s last 2005 global update, there has been a marked increase of evidence that shows how air pollution affects different aspects of health. Recommended 2021 AQG levels compared to 2005 air quality guidelines. When action is taken on these classical pollutants—particulate matter (PM), ozone (O?), Source: WHO.

Pollution

Pollution Global 2005 Ozone

EPA report to Congress finds a strong scientific and technical foundation for mitigating black carbon emissions

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2012

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has submitted its final Report to Congress on Black Carbon , in response to an October 2009 request from Congress to advance efforts to understand the role of black carbon (BC) in climate change. —Report to Congress on Black Carbon. emissions in 2005.

Congress

Congress EPA Carbon Emissions

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

1,000 to 21,000) deaths due to changes in ozone concentrations. 900 to 11,000) ozone-related early deaths per year. 300 to 4,000) ozone-related premature mortalities per year. 2000 (90% CI: 0–4,000) early deaths from ozone, according to the study. 53,000 (90% CI: 24,000–95,000) PM 2.5 related premature deaths and ?5,000

MIT

MIT Emissions Ozone Power

Study finds significant slowdown in decrease of NOx emissions in US; implications for air quality management

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2018

The researchers analyzed extensive satellite and ground-based measurements of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. They found that levels of pollutants that can contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, or smog, have failed to continue a fairly steady decline as estimated by the US Environmental Protection Agency.

Emissions

Emissions Ozone Pollution EPA

Study finds that under business-as-usual scenario, average global air quality to worsen; China, North India and Middle East are the hot spots

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 2, 2012

Following this BAU scenario, the researchers projected that air quality for the global average citizen in 2050 would be almost comparable to that for the average citizen in East Asia in the year 2005—an outcome which underscores the need to pursue emission reductions, according to the authors.

India

India Global 2005 Asia

Emissions of potent GHG HFC-23 have grown, contradicting reports of huge reductions

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2020

HFC-23 is a very potent greenhouse gas, with one tonne of its emissions being equivalent to the release of more than 12,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide. However, levels have been soaring because it is vented to the atmosphere during the production of another chemical widely used in cooling systems in developing countries.

Emissions

Emissions India Ozone 2017

US EPA Reports National Trends Show Improvements in Air Quality

Green Car Congress

MARCH 13, 2010

Since 1990, nationwide air quality has improved significantly for the six common air pollutants: ground-level ozone; particle pollution; lead; nitrogen dioxide; carbon monoxide; and sulfur dioxide, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report “Our Nation’s Air - Status and Trends through 2008”. annual PM 2.5

EPA

EPA Ozone 2000 Pollution

Cutting Non-CO2 Pollutants Can Delay Abrupt Climate Change; The Fast Action Climate Agenda

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2009

Probability distribution for the committed warming by GHGs between 1750 and 2005. Cutting HFCs, black carbon, tropospheric ozone, and methane can buy us about 40 years before we approach the dangerous threshold of 2°C warming. —co-author Black Carbon. Black carbon is responsible for almost 50% of the 1.9°C

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Pollution Ozone

FHWA awards Colorado $30M for CNG fueling stations

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 21, 2013

As with its predecessor legislation, the MAP-21 provides funding to areas in non-attainment or maintenance for ozone, carbon monoxide, and/or particulate matter.

Colorado

Colorado Fuel Oklahoma Ozone

ICCT study finds that transitioning to low-GWP MAC refrigerants in China could avoid up to US$150B in costs

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2016

These were shown to be ozone-depleting, however, and were targeted for phasing out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol. However, HFC-134a, while having zero ozone-depletion potential, has a very high global warming potential—more than 1,500 times as much warming as an equivalent amount of CO 2. Cambridge University Press.

China

China Ozone Chinese United States

House Chairmen Waxman, Markey Release Draft of Energy and Climate Legislation; Among the Many Provisions Are Cap-and-Trade, Harmonization of CAFE and California Vehicle Regulations, and Low Carbon Fuel Standard

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

Among the direct transportation-related provisions in the extensive package are a low-carbon fuel standard for all transportation fuels; financial support for large scale demonstrations of electric vehicles; and financial support for automakers retooling plants to make electric vehicles. Carbon Capture and Sequestration.

Climate

Climate Standards Carbon California

UN Review of Recent Climate Research Concludes That Impacts Of Climate Change Coming Faster Than Anticipated

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

Ocean acidification caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide in seawater is already increasing along the California coast decades earlier than existing models predict. The growth in carbon dioxide emissions from energy and industry has exceeded even the most fossil-fuel intensive scenario developed by the IPCC at the end of the 1990s.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone

Study finds that environmental impact of corn-ethanol E85 is 23% to 33% higher than that of gasoline; environmental problem-shifting

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline

Gasoline Water Emissions Minnesota

New Comprehensive Lifecycle Energy and Emissions Inventory Includes Non-Operational Components; Large Aircraft Can Perform Better than Light Rail

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2009

Mikhail Chester and Arpad Horvath inventoried on-road, rail, and air travel to determine energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions (excluding PM, lead, and ozone due to lack of data).

Light

Light Emissions Energy Boston

National Research Council report finds it unlikely the US will meet cellulosic biofuel mandates absent major innovation or a change in policies

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 4, 2011

In 2005, Congress enacted the Renewable Fuel Standard as part of the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) and amended it in the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA). Such land conversion may disrupt any future potential for storing carbon in biomass and soil. Economic effects. Barriers and opportunities.

Renewable

Renewable Tax Credit Conversion Standards

National Academies Report Examines Hidden Cost of Energy Production and Use in US; Estimates $120B in 2005

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2009

Health and other non-climate damages by life-cycle component for different combinations of fuels and light-duty automobiles in 2005 (top) and 2030 (bottom). GHG emissions (grams CO 2 -eq)/VMT by life-cycle component for different combinations of fuels and light-duty automobiles in 2005 (top) and 2030 (bottom). Click to enlarge.

2005

2005 Cost Of Energy Coal

HEI ACES study of lifetime animal exposure to New Technology Diesel Engine exhaust finds no lung cancer

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2015

In their extensive analysis of the physical and chemical composition of the emissions, McDonald and colleagues found that the most abundant pollutants were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, NO, and NO 2.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Engine 2007

WHO links 7 million premature deaths annually to air pollution; 12.5% of total global deaths

Green Car Congress

MARCH 25, 2014

The 2005 “WHO Air quality guidelines” offer global guidance on thresholds and limits for key air pollutants that pose health risks. The major components of PM are sulfate, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, black carbon, mineral dust and water. Ozone is a major factor in asthma morbidity and mortality. WHO PM Guideline Values.

Pollution

Pollution Global Ozone Coal

Study identifies Bakken Formation alone as responsible for ~2% of global ethane emissions

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2016

Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. Between 2005 and 2014, the Bakken’s oil production jumped by a factor of 3,500, and its gas production by 180.

Global

Global Ozone Emissions North Dakota

EV Driven

Study: surface ozone in India in 2005 damaged 6M tonnes of crops, enough to feed 94M people in poverty

WHO issues new, lower Global Air Quality Guidelines for classical pollutants

EPA report to Congress finds a strong scientific and technical foundation for mitigating black carbon emissions

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

Study finds significant slowdown in decrease of NOx emissions in US; implications for air quality management

Study finds that under business-as-usual scenario, average global air quality to worsen; China, North India and Middle East are the hot spots

Emissions of potent GHG HFC-23 have grown, contradicting reports of huge reductions

US EPA Reports National Trends Show Improvements in Air Quality

Cutting Non-CO2 Pollutants Can Delay Abrupt Climate Change; The Fast Action Climate Agenda

FHWA awards Colorado $30M for CNG fueling stations

ICCT study finds that transitioning to low-GWP MAC refrigerants in China could avoid up to US$150B in costs

House Chairmen Waxman, Markey Release Draft of Energy and Climate Legislation; Among the Many Provisions Are Cap-and-Trade, Harmonization of CAFE and California Vehicle Regulations, and Low Carbon Fuel Standard

UN Review of Recent Climate Research Concludes That Impacts Of Climate Change Coming Faster Than Anticipated

Study finds that environmental impact of corn-ethanol E85 is 23% to 33% higher than that of gasoline; environmental problem-shifting

New Comprehensive Lifecycle Energy and Emissions Inventory Includes Non-Operational Components; Large Aircraft Can Perform Better than Light Rail

National Research Council report finds it unlikely the US will meet cellulosic biofuel mandates absent major innovation or a change in policies

National Academies Report Examines Hidden Cost of Energy Production and Use in US; Estimates $120B in 2005

HEI ACES study of lifetime animal exposure to New Technology Diesel Engine exhaust finds no lung cancer

WHO links 7 million premature deaths annually to air pollution; 12.5% of total global deaths

Study identifies Bakken Formation alone as responsible for ~2% of global ethane emissions

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