Downsizing, Gasoline, Plug-in and Resource

Audi using supplementary port fuel injection to address particulates from gasoline direct injection

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 14, 2014

liter EA888 Gen3 engine featured in Audi’s all-road shooting brake plug-in hybrid concept unveiled at the North American International Auto Show this week ( earlier post ) features—as does its production ilk—a dual injection system that combines direct injection with indirect injection into the intake manifold. Earlier post.).

Gasoline

Gasoline Audi Fuel Engine

Ricardo’s “deep” Miller cycle concept: Magma

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 1, 2016

In its new report on downsized and boosted gasoline engine technologies ( earlier post ) the ICCT highlighted Ricardo’s work on an “extreme” Miller cycle concept with high (13:1) compression ratio (CR) and central direct injection in a downsized boosted engine. Magma boost system layout. Source: Lewin (2016). Click to enlarge.

Concept

Concept Downsizing 2016 Congress

GM, Ford R&D execs stress importance of improved, advanced fuels for future engine efficiency gains, GHG goals

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2017

According to Brooks, among the technologies GM is looking to in the gasoline engine area are: Continued aggressive downsizing. According to Brooks, among the technologies GM is looking to in the gasoline engine area are: Continued aggressive downsizing. Compression rations between 13 and 14 to maximize work extraction.

GM

GM Engine Future Fuel

Team from GM, Ford, FCA reviews how to calculate engine efficiency benefits of high octane fuels

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2015

Knock and fuel octane rating are becoming increasingly important due to many powertrain design trends including downsizing, downspeeding, cylinder deactivation, and hybridization. … Alcohol and gasoline-alcohol blends also offer efficiency benefits independent of their octane value. —Leone et al.

Engine

Engine Fuel GM Ford

Simulation study suggests ORC waste heat recovery system could deliver potential 7% improvement in fuel consumption in a PHEV on highway

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2012

Internal combustion engines have been significantly improving in the past decade, after the adoption of technologies such as Gasoline Direct Injection, mild electrification, downsizing and turbocharging. The OSU EcoCAR prototype vehicle features an extended-range electric architecture with a downsized 1.8L —Skarke et al.

Waste

Waste PHEV Fuel Exhaust

U Toronto team assess the climate trade-off between reduced CO2 and increased Black Carbon from GDI engines

Green Car Congress

JULY 14, 2016

The upside of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines is widely seen as being improved fuel economy coupled with an increase in specific power (especially with turbocharging), enabling significant downsizing. A significant fraction of the GDI PM 2.5 Their paper appears in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology.

Climate

Climate Engine Carbon Fuel Economy

Ford study suggests GDI engines can meet coming California and US PM emissions standards over 150k miles; more work to be done

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 16, 2013

However, unlike conventional gasoline engines, gasoline direct injection engines produce particulate matter, as do diesels, and emission controls will become an issue the technology must address as standards for particle mass tighten, and also as standards for particle numbers emerge. Earlier post.) Earlier post.)

Standards

Standards Emissions Miles Engine

IEA: carbon intensity of global energy supply has barely changed in last 20 years; “window of opportunity in transport”

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2013

The ESCII, along with projections for three scenarios. To meet 2DS targets, the index needs to decline by 5.7% by 2020, and 64% by 2050. Source: IEA. Click to enlarge. to hold warming to 2 °C as outlined in the IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 (ETP) 2 °C Scenario (2DS). In 1990 the underlying carbon intensity of supply was 57.1

Carbon

Carbon Supplies Global Transportation

EPAs GHG Standards for Light-Duty Vehicles; Special Credits To Encourage PHEVs, BEVs and FCVs

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2010

Included in this is a temporary program that will provide additional credit provisions as incentives for the development and sales of plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), battery-electric vehicles (BEVs); and fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs). Initial commercialization of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. mpg US (6.9 Earlier post.).

EPA

EPA Standards Light PHEV

National Research Council Study Finds That Available Technologies Can Result in Significant Fuel Savings for Passenger Vehicles Over the Next 15 Years, But at Higher Purchase Prices for Consumers

Green Car Congress

JUNE 4, 2010

Using a 2007 base vehicle, the committee estimated the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines over that timeframe: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition (CI) diesel, and hybrid. Assessment of Technologies”.

Purchase

Purchase Lithium Ion Fuel Available

Toyota Aims to Reduce Fuel Cell Vehicle Cost to 1/10 of Current By Commercialization in 2015; Reduction to Another 1/10 With Scale

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 4, 2009

During his presentation at the recent California Air Resources Board (ARB) ZEV Technology Symposium, Tatsuaki Yokoyama, from Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, said that Toyota aimed to reduce the cost of fuel cell vehicles to 1/10 of the current level by design and materials improvement by commercialization in 2015.

2015

2015 Toyota Commercial Fuel

Mixed Outlook for Mainstream Consumer Adoption of PHEVs

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 14, 2009

not enthusiast or pioneer—adoption of coming plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), given current market conditions and consumer awareness and attitudes. That could yield more than 50 mpg of fuel economy—or usage of less than 300 gallons per year—and still be a lot cheaper than a plug-in hybrid or a fuel cell vehicle, he noted.

PHEV

PHEV Fuel Economy San Diego Climate Change

Achates OPGCI project targeting 50% fuel efficiency gains over downsized GDI engine at reduced cost

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2015

Achates Power will work with Delphi Automotive and Argonne National Laboratory on its ARPA-E-funded project to develop an innovative opposed-piston, gasoline compression ignition (OPGCI) engine. liter opposed-piston, gasoline compression ignition engine applicable to large passenger vehicles, pick-up trucks, SUVs and minivans.

Downsizing

Downsizing Engine Fuel Gasoline

Promising Delphi 1st-gen Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition engine meeting ultra fuel efficient program targets

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2014

GDCI engine was significantly better than advanced production spark injection gasoline engines, and comparable to very efficient hybrid vehicle engines at their best efficiency conditions (214 g/kWh). This early work established that gasoline-like fuels with high resistance to autoignition are preferred for PPCI. Background.

Gasoline

Gasoline Engine Fuel Wisconsin

Ferrari’s Plug-in Hybrid One-Ups the Combustion Engine

Cars That Think

MARCH 29, 2022

liter V-8 generates 780 metric horsepower; another 220 hp comes from the plug-in hybrid’s electric motors. Ferrari As Ferrari’s first plug-in hybrid, the SF90 integrates a trio of electric motors. Something strange is happening in the Ferrari SF90. But that leaves two wheels and 220 hp unaccounted for. The twin-turbocharged 4.0-liter

Plug-in

Plug-in Ferrari Engine Hybrid

Using the PHEV (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle) to Transition Society Seamlessly and Profitably From Fossil Fuel to 100% Renewable Energy

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2015

The PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), a subset of the electric car, combines a primary electric motor with a much smaller back-up engine fueled with a hydrocarbon/biofuel mix. (In Though the PHEV combines the two types of energy and power, it is not merely a temporary “transition” between gasoline and diesel cars to pure electric cars.

PHEV

PHEV Plug-in Renewable Energy

Center for Automotive Research calls long-run economic risk to auto industry of mandating permanent fuel economy standards very serious; recommends periodic reviews

Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2011

Plug-in hybrids dominate market penetration in 2025 under CAR scenario IV (62 mpg CAFE standard). CAR did not assume any downsizing of the vehicle sales fleet or significant reduction in performance by vehicles in any segment as a means for increasing fuel economy standards by 2025. Source: CAR. Click to enlarge.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Auto Industry Standards

NREL Study Finds That A Dynamic Plug-in Vehicle Could Be A Promising Technology Pathway for Cost-Effective Vehicle Electrification

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 14, 2010

Among their general findings are: Increasing battery power in plug-in hybrids (10-, 20- and 40-mile AER, from low to high power) had little effect on fuel consumption results because the battery power can provide most of the driving on the test cycles, so the fuel economy only differs slightly. Source: Brooker et al. Click to enlarge.

Plug-in

Plug-in Plug Vehicles PHEV

NRC report finds significant number of near-term technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars

Green Car Congress

JUNE 16, 2011

The report, Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. Source: NRC. Click to enlarge.

Fuel

Fuel Downsizing Fuel Economy Diesel

Main Page - EAA-PHEV

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

JANUARY 28, 2009

Vehicle-to-grid interface technology is also particularly well suited to Plug-in vehicles. edit ] Basics Here on the main page we should address some of the basics, such as: What is an Electric Vehicle (EV), Hybrid EV (HEV), and Plug-In Hybrid EV (PHEV)? Whats all the fuss about "plugging in", what difference does it make?

PHEV

PHEV Prius Gasoline-Electric Plug-in

ICCT: 2025 target average of 70 g/km CO2 for new cars in EU feasible and economical; more so with electric drive

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2016

The FEV data are combined with supplemental data to generate CO 2 cost curves for ten EU vehicle classes (diesel B, C, D, E, SUV, and LCV classes and gasoline B, C, D, and E classes). However, transitioning soon to electric drive could lower manufacturers’ compliance costs by as much as €500 (US$532) per vehicle in 2025.

CO2

CO2 Cars 2014 Exhaust

ExxonMobil Outlook projects hybrids and advanced vehicles to account for nearly 50% of cars globally by 2040; fuel demand for for personal vehicles to peak and decline, while commercial transportation demand rises 70%

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 11, 2011

The vast majority will be hybrids that use mainly gasoline plus a small amount of battery power; these will make up more than 40 percent of the global fleet by 2040. Globally, ExxonMobil expects to see growth in plug-in hybrids and electric vehicles, along with compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) powered vehicles.

Personal

Personal Global Transportation Fuel

How Carmakers Are Responding to the Plug-In Hybrid Opportunity

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

About CalCars Plug-In Hybrids FAQ How to Get a PHEV Where PHEVs are Carmakers Say. Our PRIUS+ Project Photos PHEV Resources Global Warming Take Action News and Events Contact Us How Carmakers are Responding to the Plug-In Hybrid Opportunity If you ask, "have major auto-makers come around on PHEVs?",

Plug-in

Plug-in Plug Hybrid PHEV

DOT, EPA unveil joint proposal for fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards: 49.6 mpg CAFE, 163 g/mile GHG in 2025; flexibilities and incentives

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 16, 2011

The standards proposed would apply to light duty vehicles manufactured in model years 2017 through 2025. The proposed CAFE standards are projected to require, on an average industry fleet-wide basis for cars and trucks combined, 40.1 mpg US (5.87 L/100km) in model year 2021, and 49.6 L/100km) in model year 2025. improvements. Earlier post.).

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy EPA Economy MPG

NRC report finds Federal analysis to set LD CAFE and GHG standards generally of high quality; some technologies and issues should be re-examined

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2015

In conjunction with EPA and the California Air Resources Board (ARB), NHTSA will perform a joint technical analysis as part of its rulemaking for the MY 2022-2025 standards. The U-M survey also asked vehicle owners which advanced technology they would prefer at two different gasoline price points: $2.50/gallon Background. mpg by 2025.

Standards

Standards Fuel Economy Economy EPA

NHTSA Modeling and Technology Projections Underlying the Proposed CAFE Target of 34.1 mpg by MY 2016

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2009

Behind the targets is a significant amount of modeling, including revisions to certain aspects of the Volpe modeling process, such as the inputs, data, modeling techniques, and the constraints used in assessing appropriate stringency for future CAFE standards. Three of the NHTSA scenarios for penetration of technologies for light trucks for MY 2016.

2016

2016 MPG Fuel Economy EPA

Developing Fords EcoBoost Combustion System

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2009

The spark plug is at the center of the chamber. Ford’s turbocharged, gasoline direct injection EcoBoost engines are targeted to play a significant near-term role in Ford’s efforts to reduce fuel consumption by enabling downsizing. A 6-hole fuel injector is mounted between intake ports. Source: Ford. Click to enlarge.

Ford

Ford 2009 Engine Davis

EV Driven

Audi using supplementary port fuel injection to address particulates from gasoline direct injection

Ricardo’s “deep” Miller cycle concept: Magma

GM, Ford R&D execs stress importance of improved, advanced fuels for future engine efficiency gains, GHG goals

Team from GM, Ford, FCA reviews how to calculate engine efficiency benefits of high octane fuels

Simulation study suggests ORC waste heat recovery system could deliver potential 7% improvement in fuel consumption in a PHEV on highway

U Toronto team assess the climate trade-off between reduced CO2 and increased Black Carbon from GDI engines

Ford study suggests GDI engines can meet coming California and US PM emissions standards over 150k miles; more work to be done

IEA: carbon intensity of global energy supply has barely changed in last 20 years; “window of opportunity in transport”

EPAs GHG Standards for Light-Duty Vehicles; Special Credits To Encourage PHEVs, BEVs and FCVs

National Research Council Study Finds That Available Technologies Can Result in Significant Fuel Savings for Passenger Vehicles Over the Next 15 Years, But at Higher Purchase Prices for Consumers

Toyota Aims to Reduce Fuel Cell Vehicle Cost to 1/10 of Current By Commercialization in 2015; Reduction to Another 1/10 With Scale

Mixed Outlook for Mainstream Consumer Adoption of PHEVs

Achates OPGCI project targeting 50% fuel efficiency gains over downsized GDI engine at reduced cost

Promising Delphi 1st-gen Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition engine meeting ultra fuel efficient program targets

Ferrari’s Plug-in Hybrid One-Ups the Combustion Engine

Using the PHEV (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle) to Transition Society Seamlessly and Profitably From Fossil Fuel to 100% Renewable Energy

Center for Automotive Research calls long-run economic risk to auto industry of mandating permanent fuel economy standards very serious; recommends periodic reviews

NREL Study Finds That A Dynamic Plug-in Vehicle Could Be A Promising Technology Pathway for Cost-Effective Vehicle Electrification

NRC report finds significant number of near-term technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars

Main Page - EAA-PHEV

ICCT: 2025 target average of 70 g/km CO2 for new cars in EU feasible and economical; more so with electric drive

ExxonMobil Outlook projects hybrids and advanced vehicles to account for nearly 50% of cars globally by 2040; fuel demand for for personal vehicles to peak and decline, while commercial transportation demand rises 70%

How Carmakers Are Responding to the Plug-In Hybrid Opportunity

DOT, EPA unveil joint proposal for fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards: 49.6 mpg CAFE, 163 g/mile GHG in 2025; flexibilities and incentives

NRC report finds Federal analysis to set LD CAFE and GHG standards generally of high quality; some technologies and issues should be re-examined

NHTSA Modeling and Technology Projections Underlying the Proposed CAFE Target of 34.1 mpg by MY 2016

Developing Fords EcoBoost Combustion System

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