Alternative Fuels, Conversion, Gas and Gasoline

List of The Best 10 Alternative Fuels for Cars that Could Replace Gasoline

Get Electric Vehicle

JUNE 5, 2023

Which are the alternative fuels for cars that could replace gasoline in vehicle? Are you aware of the most commonly used fuel in automobiles? The answer is petroleum fuels. The fossil fuels are highly significant in the global economy. Do we have enough fuels for the future use?

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Gasoline Fuel Gasoline-Electric

Lux: alternative fuels in China could replace up to 483B GGE in 2020; coal-to-ethanol conversion offers near-term potential

Green Car Congress

APRIL 14, 2015

China’s shift toward alternative fuels in order to cut its reliance on imported oil is creating large opportunities, notably in natural gas vehicles (NGVs) and in the conversion of coal to ethanol, according to a new report from Lux Research. Among their findings: Government programs tap natural gas.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Coal Conversion China

Virginia Clean Cities reaches 1,000 vehicle conversions to propane

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2013

Program fleets significantly save on fuel costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by running vehicles on American-made propane autogas. Propane autogas, also referred to as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), is the most widely used alternative fuel in the world, with more than 17 million autogas vehicles on the road globally.

Virginia

Virginia Conversion Clean Cleaning

New process produces high-octane synthetic fuel from low-octane Fischer-Tropsch gasoline

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2019

A team in Russia has developed a novel and simple strategy to produce high-octane synthetic fuel based on low-octane gasoline Fischer-Tropsch product via new two-stage processes in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis involving isomerization of alkenes and a methoxylation process. A paper on their work is published in the journal Fuel.

Gasoline

Gasoline Fuel Russia Oil

Swiss WTW study finds important role for alternative fuels as well as alt drivetrains in move to low-emissions vehicles

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 3, 2014

WTW energy demand and GHG emissions for EV and PHEV drivetrains for various electricity sources; gasoline ICE vehicle is solid square, hybrid the hollow square. Included in the analysis are fuel cell, electric, hybrid-electric and conventional ICE drivetrains; energy carriers include gasoline, diesel, CNG, biogas, hydrogen and electricity.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Emissions Fuel Switzerland

Former president of Shell Oil calls for aggressive action on alternative fuels to break oil monopoly on transportation

Green Car Congress

APRIL 30, 2013

John Hofmeister, former President of Shell Oil Company and founder and CEO of Citizens for Affordable Energy (CFAE), is joining the Fuel Freedom Foundation (FFF) Advisory Board. We have to look at the fuels marketplace from a short-, a medium-, and a long-term perspective. We haven’t had that conversation yet. ”.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Oil Transportation Fuel

Argonne LCA study finds many alternative fuels consume more water than petroleum and natural gas fuels

Green Car Congress

MARCH 9, 2016

They found that many alternative fuels consume larger quantities of water on a per km basis than traditional petroleum and natural gas pathways. Life cycle water consumption was computed for each fuel pathway using the 2014 version of GREET.net. Lampert et al. Click to enlarge.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Water Fuel Gas

Audi begins initial engine testing of Global Bioenergies, Fraunhofer e-gasoline

Green Car Congress

MARCH 9, 2018

Audi remains convinced of the potential of the fuels e-gas, “e-benzin” (e-gasoline) and e-diesel and is continuing to pursue its e-fuels strategy. galons US), the largest batch yet produced—of synthetic Audi e-gasoline for initial engine tests. Like all Audi e-fuels, the new fuel has many advantages.

Audi

Audi Gasoline Global Engine

Virginia Governor signs legislation and executive order beginning transition of state vehicles to natural gas, electricity or other alternative fuels

Green Car Congress

JULY 13, 2011

Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell has signed two pieces of legislation that promote the use of natural gas, electric or other alternative-fueled vehicles in the Commonwealth. He also signed a new executive order setting out the state alternative fuel plan required by House Bill 2282. HB2105 (Bulova).

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Virginia Gas-Electric Fuel

Jasper Alternate Fuels Adds Icom JTG Propane Engine System

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2010

Jasper Alternate Fuels, a division of Jasper Engines & Transmissions, has signed an agreement with Icom North America to install and service Icom’s patented JTG propane liquid-injection fuel system on commercial fleet vehicles in North America. It offers alternative fuel systems for vehicle fleets of any size.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Engine North America Fuel

ROUSH CleanTech expands commercialization of propane transit shuttle buses with new conversion partner

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2012

ROUSH CleanTech unveiled a propane autogas fueled shuttle bus converted by new industry partner, Green Alternative Systems (GAS), at the 2012 BusCon Expo this week in Chicago, Ill. The propane shuttle bus. Click to enlarge.

Conversion

Conversion Commercial Chicago Alternative Fuels

Bi-fuel evolutions of the LEVC TX taxi and VN5 van; range extender engines run on LPG/biopropane and CNG/biomethane

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2022

HP Taxis, Prins Alternative Fuel Systems and SBL-Automotive revealed [link] of the plug-in hybrid range-extended electric LEVC TX taxi and VN5 van allowing the range extender engine to run on LPG and CNG and their renewable counterparts of biopropane and biomethane. 50 liter LPG / biopropane tank in the trunk of the TX.

Taxi

Taxi Engine Range Fuel

Westport acquires Clean Energy’s BAF natural gas vehicle business for $25M

Green Car Congress

JUNE 28, 2013

Natural gas engine company Westport Innovations Inc. subsidiaries of Clean Energy Fuels Corp., Westport believes that the amalgamation will create the largest product portfolio and largest market presence in the North American light duty natural gas vehicle (NGV) space. has acquired BAF Technologies, Inc.

Clean

Clean Cleaning Gas F-150

Creative Bus Sales Opens Its Second Dedicated Alt Fuels Vehicle Conversion Facility

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 11, 2010

Creative Bus Sales has opened a 30,000 sq ft facility in Elkhart, Indiana that will initially be used to perform alternative fuel conversions on buses, trucks, and vans. The process will take gasoline powered vehicles and convert them to run on propane and compressed natural gas (CNG).

Conversion

Conversion Sale Fuel Alternative Fuels

Maritz study finds growing but still low US consumer awareness about alternative fuel technologies; knowledge gap and confusion a sales challenge for OEMs

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 7, 2011

Results of a survey released by Maritz Research demonstrates that while US consumer awareness about alternative fuel vehicles continues to grow, only about one in five consumers state they are “very familiar” with any alternative-fuel technologies. Gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles rose from 15 to 22%.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Fuel Gasoline-Electric Volt

Vertimass licenses ORNL ethanol-to-hydrocarbon conversion technology; overcoming the blend wall with drop-in fuels

Green Car Congress

MARCH 7, 2014

Fractional collection of the fuel product allows for the different fractions to be used as blend-stock for gasoline, diesel, or jet fuel. The resulting liquid can be blended at various concentrations into gasoline, diesel and jet fuels without negatively affecting engine performance. —Chaitanya Narula.

Conversion

Conversion Fuel Gasoline Sustainable Transportation

EPA Proposes to Streamline Approval Process for Fuel Conversion Systems

Green Car Congress

MAY 7, 2010

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to make it easier for manufacturers to gain approval to sell fuel conversion systems. The proposed rule would cover conversions of light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty highway vehicles and engines, and would apply to all clean alternative fuels. Applicability.

Conversion

Conversion EPA Fuel Clean Alternative

Westport Acquires OMVL of Italy and 100% of Juniper Engines for 19M; Launching a Light-Duty Automotive Strategy for Alternative Fuel Engines

Green Car Congress

JULY 2, 2010

liter alternative fuel engines. Strategic investments in new markets and OEM-class products and capabilities will allow Juniper to compete for leadership in the light-duty alternative fuels market, Westport says. manufactures and sells LNG fuel tanks for vehicles. In 2009, Juniper Engines introduced its new 2.0-liter

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Italy Engine Light

US DOE Awards $300 Million in Clean Cities Grants to Support Alternative Fuels, Vehicles, and Infrastructure Development

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 26, 2009

These projects put more than 9,000 alternative fuel and energy-efficient light-, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles on the road, and establish 542 refueling locations across the country. The project will deploy 502 alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles through 119 public and private fleets throughout the state.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Clean Cleaning Grant

Clean Energy’s BAF Subsidiary Receives Second 463-CNG-Vehicle Conversion Order from ATT for 2010

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 21, 2009

AT&T natural gas service van. a wholly owned subsidiary of Clean Energy Fuels Corp., an order to convert 463 Ford E-250 vans to run on compressed natural gas (CNG) to be fulfilled during the second quarter of 2010. BAF anticipates completing the 600 van conversions awarded by AT&T to BAF during 2009 by year end.

Conversion

Conversion 2010 Clean Cleaning

9 fleets and more than 160 vehicles joining the Southeast Propane Autogas Development Program for vehicle conversions; nearly 1,200 vehicles total

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2011

Virginia Clean Cities announced an additional nine fleets and more than 160 vehicles are joining the Southeast Propane Autogas Development Program for vehicle conversions to propane autogas and the installation of on-site fueling stations. the City of Sandy Springs, Ga.; and the Jackson County Sheriff’s Office in Jefferson, Ga.

Conversion

Conversion Fleet Virginia Vehicles

Clean Cities Autogas Vehicle Conversion Program Rolls Out First of 1,189 LPG Cars in Virginia

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Administered by Virginia Clean Cities at James Madison University, the program will deploy nearly 1,200 propane Autogas vehicles, reducing air pollutants such as carbon monoxide, soot and smog-causing emissions when compared to traditional gasoline vehicles. based Red Top Cab provided the first vehicle for conversion under the program.

Virginia

Virginia Conversion Clean Cleaning

Polk County, Oregon Sheriff’s Office running 10 patrol cars on propane

Green Car Congress

JUNE 3, 2013

The Polk County, Oregon, Sheriff’s Office is running 10 patrol cars converted to propane autogas, including seven Ford Crown Vics, two Chevy Tahoes and one Ford F-350 pickup truck; the office expects to save more than $20,000 every year by using the alternative fuel. —Sergeant Mark Garton, Polk County Sheriff’s Office.

Oregon

Oregon Tahoe Tax Credit Alternative Fuels

SEAT pushes forward with CNG line-up

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2019

SEAT, a member of the Volkswagen Group, continues to spearhead the introduction of compressed natural gas (CNG) technology, giving customers the widest choice of vehicles that are cleaner, more sustainable and offer even greater efficiency. A CNG vehicle reduces CO 2 emissions by about 25% compared to a gasoline-driven equivalent.

Gasoline-Electric

Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Gas Gas-Electric

Tsinghua Study Finds That Conventional Three-Way Catalyst Can Handle the Unregulated Emissions from Low-Content Methanol-Gasoline Blends

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2009

At the tailpipe, the TWC ultimately reduced the regulated and unregulated emissions from the methanol-gasoline engine to the same levels as those generated by a conventional gasoline engine. A paper on their study was published online 3 December in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels. —Fan et al.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Alternative Fuels Engine

DOE researchers investigate economic and environmental impacts of converting wet waste to renewable diesel

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 3, 2022

estimated that with conversion by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and upgrading, the wet waste resource availability in the United States could be converted to jet fuel that is equivalent to about 24% of the U.S. Among their findings: The estimated minimum fuel selling prices were $1.22/gasoline Skaggs et al. demand in 2016.

Waste

Waste Diesel Renewable Convert

Landi Renzo and Leggett Platt to partner on CNG vehicles for North American Market

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2011

Landi Renzo USA (Landi Renzo) has partnered with Leggett & Platt Commercial Vehicle Products (L&P CVP) to implement alternative fuel systems using compressed natural gas (CNG). Landi Renzo is a global leader in alternative fuel systems design, manufacture, installation and service with more than 40% global market share.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Indianapolis Market Vehicles

CleanFUEL USA partners with Freightliner on new 8.0L propane LPI medium-duty engine

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 16, 2010

CleanFUEL USA, a leading supplier of alternative fuel infrastructure and propane engine systems, will build and certify a multi-purpose 8-liter General Motors (GM) propane engine in partnership with Freightliner Custom Chassis Corporation (FCCC), a subsidiary of Daimler Trucks North America. medium-duty engine, as well as a 6.0L

USA

USA Engine Alternative Fuels Gasoline

NaturalDrive obtains MY 2011 California and EPA Certification for CNG vans; proprietary calibrations integrated into GM OEM program

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 11, 2010

NaturalDrive has obtained model year 2011 certification from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for its dedicated compressed natural gas (CNG) alternative fuel system for General Motors full-size vans. Earlier post.).

GM

GM 2011 EPA California

Boston Approves Ford Transit Connect for Taxi Use

Green Car Congress

APRIL 30, 2010

liter four-cylinder gasoline engine and automatic transmission, the conventionally powered Transit Connect is expected to deliver an estimated 30% improvement in fuel economy versus many of today's traditional taxis. With its standard 2.0-liter

Transit Connect

Transit Connect Boston Taxi Connect

Eni, FCA partner on R&D to cut road vehicle CO2 emissions; methanol/ethanol blends, renewable diesel, ANG, on-board CO2 capture

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2017

Eni and FCA have identified the following areas of cooperation: The development of technologies and materials to absorb natural gas, Absorbed Natural Gas (ANG), which will make it possible to improve existing technologies linked to compressed natural gas (CNG) in the automotive sector.

Renewable

Renewable Emissions CO2 Diesel

Audi survey finds more than half of US drivers would support government initiative to spur diesel vehicle sales

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2013

Government has set very rigorous standards for future fuel economy, and we believe that clean diesel is perfectly positioned to help us achieve those goals. Audi believes there are a variety of viable alternative fuel solutions, including electric, but diesel is readily available today.

Audi

Audi Diesel Sale Available Today

BAF Technologies Begins Converting 600 ATT Vehicles To CNG in 2009

Green Car Congress

JUNE 30, 2009

This is part of AT&T’s plan to invest up to $565 million to deploy more than 15,000 alternative-fuel vehicles over the next 10 years. The converted vehicles will utilize the BAF CalComp System, a proprietary CNG fuel system certified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (ARB).

2009

2009 Convert Alternative Fuels Vehicles

Cellulosic BioButanol Company Cobalt Technologies Signs Agreement With Fluor Corporation

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 11, 2010

We have examined many different biofuels technologies, and are choosing to work with those companies that we believe have the greatest potential to be commercialized economically and to make a major impact on achievement of the nation's alternative fuels goals. oligimerization to jet fuel and diesel. oxidation to butadiene.

Corporation

Corporation Companies Colorado Conversion

Study for European Parliament assesses options for turning CO2 into methanol for use in transport

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2014

The report concluded that benefits in the medium- and long-term can be anticipated since the obtaining of an alternative fuel using a residual greenhouse gas would allow European dependence on conventional fossil fuels to be cut, and that way the risks in supply security to be minimized.

Transportation

Transportation CO2 Carbon Hydrogen

DOE issues $10M incubator FOA for batteries, power electronics, engines, materials, fuels and lubricants

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 18, 2014

Temperature Combustion (LTC), (2) Dilute Gasoline Combustion, and (3) Clean Diesel Combustion. Technologies that enable LTC operation with either gasoline or diesel fuel, including control methodologies and technologies, especially for mixed?mode burn and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)?diluted derived fuels, drop?in

Carbon Fiber

Carbon Fiber Engine Battery Powered Fuel

DOE awards LanzaTech $4M for low-carbon jet & diesel demo plant; 3M gpy; Audi evaluating fuel properties

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 30, 2016

The ATJ technology was initially developed with DOE funding by PNNL and subsequently scaled-up by LanzaTech to produce 4,000 gallons of sustainable jet fuel from Lanzanol and other sources, as well as 600 gallons of diesel fuel, for fuel quality testing, certification and a proving flight with Virgin Atlantic. Earlier post.).

Carbon

Carbon Diesel Audi Fuel

Researchers propose evaluating alt fuel efficiency based on energy rather than volume; impact of ethanol on vehicle efficiency and GHGs

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2013

Relative changes in vehicle energy efficiency (VEE) (km/MJ) on ethanol/gasoline blends over those on gasoline for different blending levels. Several recent highly cited LCAs that have incorporated vehicle efficiency differences between gasoline and ethanol/gasoline blends could potentially be misleading. Click to enlarge.

Fuel

Fuel Energy Gasoline-Electric Gasoline

“Charging Station” — Is That the Location or the “Charger”?

EV Adoption

MAY 15, 2022

This requires simple, easy-to-understand terms without jargon, and that leverage consumer’s existing reference point of the gasoline refueling experience. None of us were certain whether “charging station” referred to the site or location as in the analogous gas station? million (12 times 145,000) estimated gas pumps.

Charging

Charging Gas-Electric Gas Gasoline-Electric

How Corporations Can Help the U.S. Reach its EV Goals

Clean Fleet Report

SEPTEMBER 10, 2023

The general assumption seems to be that Americans will simply ditch their gasoline-powered vehicles in favor of EVs. The City of Easthampton, Massachusetts announced in April that it is transitioning its city-owned vehicle fleet from gas to electric, and will be the first city to offer an EV adoption benefit to employees who convert.

Corporation

Corporation Fleet Gas-Electric Purchase

DOE releases five-year strategic plan, 2014-2018; supporting “all of the above” energy strategy

Green Car Congress

APRIL 8, 2014

To achieve this first objective, DOE intends to pursue parallel strategies: Advance options for diverse energy resources and conversion devices for power. DOE will develop alternative fuels, including advanced biofuels, made from sustainable resources that can directly substitute for petroleum and use existing infrastructure.

2014

2014 2018 Energy Climate Change

Clean Energy Opens World’s Largest LNG/CNG Truck Fueling Station

Green Car Congress

JULY 1, 2009

Clean Energy Fuels has opened the world’s largest natural gas truck fueling station on a 2.9-acre The new public access station, configured to fuel trucks on a 24/7 basis, features two 25,000-gallon liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks, six LNG dispensers, and two compressed natural gas (CNG) dispensers.

Clean

Clean Cleaning Long Beach Energy

Why Fleet Owners Are Electrifying Their Vehicles This Year

Blink Charging

APRIL 4, 2023

In addition to electrifying your fleet, you can also use Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Tax Credit to save money on charging infrastructure. Fueling a vehicle with electricity is much cheaper than gasoline or diesel. As with fuel costs, when you multiply the savings across dozens of fleet vehicles, they add up quickly.

Fleet

Fleet Tax Credit Vehicles Tax

Clean Energy Expands Southern California LNG Truck Fueling Infrastructure

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 24, 2010

Clean Energy Fuels Corp. plans to expand its existing network of liquefied natural gas (LNG) truck fueling stations in Southern California this year beyond its current two LNG stations located at the Los Angeles/Long Beach ports complex. Andrew Littlefair, Clean Energy President and CEO. Located on a 2.7-acre

Clean

Clean Cleaning Los Angeles California

List of The Best 10 Alternative Fuels for Cars that Could Replace Gasoline

Lux: alternative fuels in China could replace up to 483B GGE in 2020; coal-to-ethanol conversion offers near-term potential

Virginia Clean Cities reaches 1,000 vehicle conversions to propane

New process produces high-octane synthetic fuel from low-octane Fischer-Tropsch gasoline

Swiss WTW study finds important role for alternative fuels as well as alt drivetrains in move to low-emissions vehicles

Former president of Shell Oil calls for aggressive action on alternative fuels to break oil monopoly on transportation

Argonne LCA study finds many alternative fuels consume more water than petroleum and natural gas fuels

Audi begins initial engine testing of Global Bioenergies, Fraunhofer e-gasoline

Virginia Governor signs legislation and executive order beginning transition of state vehicles to natural gas, electricity or other alternative fuels

Jasper Alternate Fuels Adds Icom JTG Propane Engine System

ROUSH CleanTech expands commercialization of propane transit shuttle buses with new conversion partner

Bi-fuel evolutions of the LEVC TX taxi and VN5 van; range extender engines run on LPG/biopropane and CNG/biomethane

Westport acquires Clean Energy’s BAF natural gas vehicle business for $25M

Creative Bus Sales Opens Its Second Dedicated Alt Fuels Vehicle Conversion Facility

Maritz study finds growing but still low US consumer awareness about alternative fuel technologies; knowledge gap and confusion a sales challenge for OEMs

Vertimass licenses ORNL ethanol-to-hydrocarbon conversion technology; overcoming the blend wall with drop-in fuels

EPA Proposes to Streamline Approval Process for Fuel Conversion Systems

Westport Acquires OMVL of Italy and 100% of Juniper Engines for 19M; Launching a Light-Duty Automotive Strategy for Alternative Fuel Engines

US DOE Awards $300 Million in Clean Cities Grants to Support Alternative Fuels, Vehicles, and Infrastructure Development

Clean Energy’s BAF Subsidiary Receives Second 463-CNG-Vehicle Conversion Order from ATT for 2010

9 fleets and more than 160 vehicles joining the Southeast Propane Autogas Development Program for vehicle conversions; nearly 1,200 vehicles total

Clean Cities Autogas Vehicle Conversion Program Rolls Out First of 1,189 LPG Cars in Virginia

Polk County, Oregon Sheriff’s Office running 10 patrol cars on propane

SEAT pushes forward with CNG line-up

Tsinghua Study Finds That Conventional Three-Way Catalyst Can Handle the Unregulated Emissions from Low-Content Methanol-Gasoline Blends

DOE researchers investigate economic and environmental impacts of converting wet waste to renewable diesel

Landi Renzo and Leggett Platt to partner on CNG vehicles for North American Market

CleanFUEL USA partners with Freightliner on new 8.0L propane LPI medium-duty engine

NaturalDrive obtains MY 2011 California and EPA Certification for CNG vans; proprietary calibrations integrated into GM OEM program

Boston Approves Ford Transit Connect for Taxi Use

Eni, FCA partner on R&D to cut road vehicle CO2 emissions; methanol/ethanol blends, renewable diesel, ANG, on-board CO2 capture

Audi survey finds more than half of US drivers would support government initiative to spur diesel vehicle sales

BAF Technologies Begins Converting 600 ATT Vehicles To CNG in 2009

Cellulosic BioButanol Company Cobalt Technologies Signs Agreement With Fluor Corporation

Study for European Parliament assesses options for turning CO2 into methanol for use in transport

DOE issues $10M incubator FOA for batteries, power electronics, engines, materials, fuels and lubricants

DOE awards LanzaTech $4M for low-carbon jet & diesel demo plant; 3M gpy; Audi evaluating fuel properties

Researchers propose evaluating alt fuel efficiency based on energy rather than volume; impact of ethanol on vehicle efficiency and GHGs

“Charging Station” — Is That the Location or the “Charger”?

How Corporations Can Help the U.S. Reach its EV Goals

DOE releases five-year strategic plan, 2014-2018; supporting “all of the above” energy strategy

Clean Energy Opens World’s Largest LNG/CNG Truck Fueling Station

Why Fleet Owners Are Electrifying Their Vehicles This Year

Clean Energy Expands Southern California LNG Truck Fueling Infrastructure

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