Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2010

The use of a supercritical fuel charge enables very fast and complete combustion with minimized thermal losses. The TSCi injectors can work with a range of fuels (given appropriate software adjustment and control). Researchers at Syracuse University are working on a method to prepare, inject and combust supercritical diesel fuel.

Fuel Economy 297

Fuel Economy Fuel Economy Engine 297

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2009

UPS van fuel economy comparison. UPS’ first-generation diesel hybrid delivery vans improved the on-road fuel economy by 28.9% NREL is planning a second-generation study for 2010 to look at more advanced versions of the Eaton hybrid now in operation within the UPS fleet. Source: Lammert 2009.

Fuel Economy 210

Fuel Economy Economy Eaton Hybrid 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2010

Barnitt (2010) Click to enlarge. Fuel economy was similar between the gHEVs and diesel vehicles, except for the highest kinetic intensity drive cycle where the hybrid exhibited ~20% higher fuel economy. Criteria emissions by drive cycle. FedEx Delivery Truck Basic Information.

Fuel Economy 199

Fuel Economy Economy Gasoline Diesel 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2020

These factors include: the environmental impact of fuel production and delivery; material use; and the vehicle’s own fuel consumption. The comparison was made with the previous-generation Wrangler Unlimited, as powered by its only available engine—FCA’s award-winning 3.6-liter 2020 Jeep Wrangler Freedom Edition.

Jeep 269

Jeep MPG 2020 Fuel Economy 269

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2011

advantage over competing buses in fluid economy—a measurement of diesel fuel plus liquid urea consumed by the vehicle’s emissions reduction system. Comparisons of type C buses have typically been centered on fuel economy. to conduct a head-to-head fluid economy comparison.

Economy 199

Economy Fuel 2010 Fuel Economy 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2010

Reed Doucette and Malcolm McCulloch at the University of Oxford (UK) have compared high-speed flywheels, batteries, and ultracapacitors on the bases of cost and fuel economy as the energy storage system in a fuel cell based hybrid electric vehicle. Their paper is in press in the Journal of Power Sources. Doucette and Malcolm D.

Energy Storage 199

Energy Storage Fuel Economy Hybrid Energy 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 10, 2015

While these vehicles as a whole will have to curb fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions by up to 24% between the 2018 and 2027 model years, the agencies are proposing separate engine standards requiring only a 4% decrease. We propose an engine standard requiring a 15 percent decrease in fuel consumption and emissions.

EPA 150

EPA Standards Engine Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2013

Summary of comparison of NO x emissions and fuel consumption of hybrid (D7E) and conventional (D6) dozers. The report was prepared for the California Air Resources Board (ARB) as part of the FY 2010-11 Air Quality Improvement Project Hybrid Off-Road Equipment Pilot Project. Johnson et al. Click to enlarge.

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Emissions Hybrid Fuel Diesel 231

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2015

Broadly, the test results show significant reductions in NO x , particularly against a non-hybrid diesel baseline, and fuel economy improvements of up to 18% for the vehicle and under the drive cycles tested. The hybrid vehicle under test was a 2010 GMC 3500/4500 Savana Cutaway with a GM 6.0 Source: Lightning Hybrids.

Hybrid 150

Hybrid Emissions Light Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 5, 2015

Comparison of DSF fuel economy gains and costs with competing technologies, from Tula’s 2013 SAE paper. The operation of each firing cylinder can be optimized for best thermal efficiency, subject to possible constraints such as air-fuel mixture ratio, peak pressures or temperatures (durability), and other factors.

GM 150

GM Engine Fuel Fuel Economy 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 3, 2013

Achieved Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) fuel economy performance has exceeded the anticipated levels for 2012 and 2013 model years—the two years that the current standard has been in effect—according to a new analysis by Michael Sivak and Brandon Schoettle at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI).

Fuel Economy 220

Fuel Economy MPG 2013 2012 220

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2015

The report— Total Cost of Ownership: A Diesel Versus Gasoline Comparison (2012-2013) —was underwritten by Robert Bosch LLC. This is particularly important because both gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles must improve their fuel economy as required by Corporate Average Fuel Economy regulations for 2020 and 2025.

Cost Of 150

Cost Of Gasoline Diesel Fuel Economy 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2014

Further, the study compares 450 ppm LDV CO 2 glide paths derived using only vehicle efficiency improvements against those derived using both vehicle and fuel actions. To achieve 450 ppm, WTW LDV CO 2 emissions decrease 25% from 2000 and 34% between 2010 and 2050. In the final step, they added fuel actions to reduce CO 2 (e.g.,

Light 261

Light Global CO2 Ford 261

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2010

As a comparison, the 2011 Lexus HS 250h Standard—which Ford uses as the MKZ Hybrid’s closest competition— carries an MSRP of $35,100; the premium model for 2011 carries an MSRP of $37,870. liter Atkinson-cycle I-4 hybrid engine, named one of Ward’s 2010 10 Best Engines. The 2011 Lincoln MKZ Hybrid. Click to enlarge.

HS 250h 199

HS 250h Hybrid Price Gasoline 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 14, 2011

Ford’s Michigan Assembly Plant is starting production of the 2012 Focus Electric ( earlier post )—a five-passenger, battery-electric car Ford expects will achieve more than a 100 miles per gallon equivalent (MPGe) fuel economy rating. Optimized gear ratios enabling improvement in fuel economy. Earlier post.).

Michigan 363

Michigan 2012 Ford Lithium Ion 363

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2014

to increase capacity of the fuel-efficient TorqueFlite transmission. Additionally, lower viscosity transmission fluid is used resulting in improved transmission efficiency and fuel economy improvements especially during cold environments or vehicle start-up. billion at the pump, based on current fuel-price forecasts.

Chrysler 199

Chrysler Dodge Indiana Durango 199

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 8, 2011

Current fuel economy policy clearly demonstrates this fact. —“The Case for Technology Neutral Public Policy in Fuel Economy Debate”. The quickest and most cost-effective way to achieve our energy usage goals is through faster adoption of fuel-efficient downsized gasoline and diesel engines.

Standards 247

Standards Transportation Fuel Economy MPG 247

Green Car Congress

JULY 26, 2010

I4 EcoBoost ( earlier post )—the new Explorer offers up to a 30% improvement in fuel economy over the current Explorer. The 2010 Ford Explorer 2WD with a 4.0L This enables increased mechanical efficiency for improved response and performance, while optimizing fuel economy. Offering two new engines—a new 3.5L

2011 186

2011 Ford SUV Fuel Economy 186

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 11, 2009

Bright plans to begin delivering Transporter PHEVs in the second quarter of 2010. The converted Transporter, which will come in cargo, cab-chassis and passenger versions, will have a 22-mile all-electric range (AER), with fuel economy of 57 mpg based on a 50-mile daily cycle. Fuel economy, 50-mile cycle.

Bright Automotive 210

Bright Automotive Convert Plug-in Transportation 210

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 2, 2009

liter four-cylinder engine with a Gasoline Direct-Injection (GDI) fuel delivery system. Details about these powertrains will be announced at the 2010 New York Auto Show. GDI offers greater control of the fuel mixture at the optimum moment achieved by direct injection improves efficiency. Comparison of 4-cylinder Mid-size Sedans.

2011 186

2011 Hyundai Engine Auto 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 14, 2009

has developed a Dual Injector system designed to improve fuel efficiency in small-displacement gasoline engines using port fuel injection (PFI). Fuel Injection Comparison. This speeds up fuel vaporization, reducing the amount of unburned fuel and reducing hydrocarbon emissions. Nissan Motor Co.,

Nissan 150

Nissan Engine Fuel Gasoline 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 14, 2010

The next generation of Ford’s EcoBoost turbocharged, direct-injection gasoline engines will introduce cooled EGR (exhaust gas recirculation), enabling higher compression ratios, according to Ford executives speaking at the SAE 2010 World Congress in Detroit. SAE 2010-01-0353. SAE 2010-01-0585. SAE 2010-01-0353 ).

Ford 210

Ford Congress 2010 Gasoline 210

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 12, 2013

Consumption-based power mixes and NG transmission distances by Chinese province in 2010. However, the fuel-cycle PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , and NO x emissions of EVs could be up to five times higher than those of ICEVs (internal combustion engine vehicles) and CNGVs. Credit: ACS, Huo et al. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.]

Coal 231

Coal Pollution China Gas 231

Green Car Congress

MARCH 31, 2010

Unlike traditional [power-split] hybrids that trade off highway fuel economy for higher city ratings, the Sonata Hybrid delivers best-in-class highway fuel economy, while still delivering about a 40 percent improvement in city fuel economy compared to a Sonata equipped with the Theta II GDI engine.

Nickel Metal Hydride 210

Nickel Metal Hydride New York Hyundai Hybrid 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 16, 2012

Other successful initiatives—highlighted in Ford’s 13th annual Sustainability Report—include reductions in water use, waste-to-landfill and CO 2 emissions as well as improvements in vehicle fuel economy and safety.

2016 256

2016 Ford Manufacturer Energy 256

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2009

The dual-fuel PCCI strategy showed thermal efficiency of 53%. Emissions under the dual-fuel concept, at 11 bar IMEP. The green line is the US 2010 baseline. The green line is the US 2010 baseline. Kalghatgi and his group explored both the use of low-cetane fuels and exhaust gas recirculation (SAE 2007-01-0006).

Wisconsin 225

Wisconsin Gasoline Diesel Universal 225

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2011

The ATLAS project is targeting 210 hp and 500 N·m in its fuel-efficient package. The baseline vehicle for comparison is a 2010 Nissan Titan, outfitted with a 5.6L The ATLAS target is 210 hp (157 kW) and 500 N·m (369 lb-ft), along with the lower fuel consumption and emissions. Click to enlarge. mpg US vs. 18.6

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Light Diesel MPG Nissan 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2009

Sue Cischke, Ford group vice president, Sustainability, Environment and Safety Engineering, pointed to the “ key role ” government policies such as fuel standards and greenhouse gas emission regulations, play in the development and support of Ford’s product and technology pathways. annual increase in average fuel economy through 2016.

Ford 150

Ford Fuel Economy Future Energy 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2009

Measured fuel economy improvements cannot factor in a hybrid system. This engine must be capable of meeting 2010 emission standards, and be commercially viable. The improvement is based on comparison to a baseline state-of-the-art port fuel-injected gasoline vehicle maintaining comparable vehicle performance.

Light 150

Light Fuel Economy Economy Engine 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2012

The particle number count under those conditions increased by more than an order of magnitude in comparison to DPF-out particle concentrations. Current 2010 USEPA emissions standards for NO x and PM are set at 0.20 The fuel used in the study was Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with sulfur concentration not exceeding 10 ppm.

Exhaust 218

Exhaust Diesel West Virginia 2007 218

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 10, 2009

Comparison of Emission Standards (g/mi). . California’s current LEV II emission standards run through 2010. Customers are now beginning to demand more fuel efficient vehicles, and recent legislation is mandating 40% improvement in.fuel economy between now and 2016. Current 50-state baseline Projected future baseline.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Diesel Engine Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2010

Infiniti unveiled its first production hybrid, the M35 Hybrid, at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show. There is also a significant improvement in fuel efficiency at highway mode, compared to conventional systems. CVT case, the CVT+1Motor-2Clutch and 2Motor-2Clutch systems outperformed all the others in the terms of fuel consumption.

Infinity 259

Infinity Hybrid Motors Motoring 259

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 18, 2009

Adapting the 6F architecture to the EcoBoost engine demanded a close look at every component, piece of hardware, and calibration measure to ensure that this transmission could answer the needs of a higher output engine; help, not hinder, fuel economy; and meet Ford’s strict durability standards. mm versus 31.5 mm on the 6F-50.

Ford 170

Ford Engine Fuel Economy MPG 170

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 16, 2010

By comparison, a full hybrid application yielded only a 5 °C difference between the two motor technologies over the same drive cycle. GM presented the study at the recent SAE 2010 Hybrid Vehicle Technologies Symposium. Earlier post.).

Conversion 218

Conversion Motors Motoring Motor 218

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2015

In other words, they found that they real-world fuel economy benefit of adoption of HEVs may be better than for estimates based on EPA “sticker” fuel economy alone. There is very little quantitative data on the fuel and emissions benefits of HEVs during real-world driving. The duo, Britt A. Holmén and Karen M.

Fuel Economy 150

Fuel Economy EPA Economy Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2012

grams in 2010 (the latest year for which figures are available) and a mandatory target of 175 grams in 2017. L/100km), if the vehicles were to meet this CO 2 solely through fuel economy improvements. The proposals will cut average emissions from new cars to 95 grams of CO 2 per km (g CO 2 /km) in 2020 from 135.7 Earlier post.).

2020 268

2020 Light CO2 Cars 268

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2011

Toyota’s sales target for the Prius v (for “versatility”) is about “ten to fifteen percent” of conventional Prius sales in North America, or about 15,000 to 25,000 vehicle per year, depending on which year is used for comparison, according to Toyota Division Group Vice President and General Manager Bob Carter.

Prius 186

Prius Toyota North America MPG 186