Green Car Congress

JULY 25, 2013

The Brent crude oil spot price averaged $112 per barrel in 2012, and EIA’s July 2013 Short-Term Energy Outlook projects averages of $105 per barrel in 2013 and $100 per barrel in 2014. Despite rising fuel prices, use of liquids for transportation increases by an average of 1.1% Liquid fuels. Source: IEO2013.

2010 317

2010 Transportation Fuel Energy 317

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 23, 2017

Similar to how ethanol is currently blended into motor gasoline in the United States, methanol is blended into gasoline in China. About two-thirds of China’s methanol feedstock is produced from coal and the remainder from coking gas (a by-product of steel production) and natural gas.

2000 150

2000 2016 Fuel China 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2011

World oil prices remain high in the IEO2011 Reference case, but oil consumption continues to grow; both conventional and unconventional liquid supplies are used to meet rising demand. In the IEO2011 Reference case the price of light sweet crude oil (in real 2009 dollars) remains high, reaching $125 per barrel in 2035.

Oil-Sands 220

Oil-Sands Oil 2008 Oil Prices 220

Green Car Congress

JULY 20, 2012

savings stimulated by high oil prices led to a decrease of 3% in CO 2 emissions in the European Union and of 2% in both the United States and Japan. The United States remain one of the largest emitters of CO2, with 17.3 the United States (16%). tonnes per capita. the European Union (11%).

2011 236

2011 Emissions CO2 Global 236

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2012

Bartis and RAND colleague Lawrence van Bibbe were the authors of a 2011 RAND report concluding that if the US military increased its use of alternative jet and naval fuels that can be produced from coal or various renewable resources, including seed oils, waste oils and algae, there would be no direct benefit to the nation’s armed forces.

Price 225

Price Oil-Sands Turkey Fuel 225

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2012

Coal accounted for 45% of total energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2011, followed by oil (35%) and natural gas (20%). China made the largest contribution to the global increase, with its emissions rising by 720 million tonnes (Mt), or 9.3%, primarily due to higher coal consumption. This represents an increase of 1.0 In 2011, a 6.1%

2011 230

2011 Emissions Global CO2 230

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2017

High oil and coal production also could contribute to diesel consumption growth, EIA notes. Increases in oil drilling activity leads to higher consumption of distillate fuel, which is used to operate and transport drilling rigs. Higher coal production leads to increased rail shipments, which consumes diesel fuel.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Gasoline-Electric Production Oil 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 14, 2015

AEO2015 presents updated projections for US energy markets through 2040 based on six cases (Reference, Low and High Economic Growth, Low and High Oil Price, and High Oil and Gas Resource) that reflect updated scenarios for future crude oil prices. The United States has been a net importer of energy since the 1950s.

2020 150

2020 Energy Transportation Oil Prices 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 12, 2012

The WEO finds that the extraordinary growth in oil and natural gas output in the United States will mean a sea-change in global energy flows. In the New Policies Scenario, the WEO ’s central scenario, the United States becomes a net exporter of natural gas by 2020 and is almost self-sufficient in energy, in net terms, by 2035.

Global 225

Global 2012 Energy Oil 225

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2012

Over the next 10 years, continued development of tight oil (e.g., shale oil) combined with the development of offshore Gulf of Mexico resources are projected to push domestic crude oil production to 6.7 In recent years, the US electric power sector’s historical reliance on coal-fired power plants has begun to decline.

Oil 210

Oil 2005 Production 2010 210

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2009

The five different fuel groups were those derived: from conventional petroleum; from unconventional petroleum; synthetically from natural gas, coal, or combinations of coal and biomass via the FT process; renewable oils; and alcohols. Adverse effects of ULS jet fuel would include higher fuel prices (by about $0.05

MIT 250

MIT Oil-Sands Commercial Available 250

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2012

The United States becomes a net exporter of natural gas earlier than estimated a year ago. Because quickly rising natural gas production outpaces domestic consumption, the United States will become a net exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in 2016 and a net exporter of total natural gas (including via pipelines) in 2020.

Fuel 225

Fuel Energy Sale 2013 225

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2013

Energy consumption by light-duty vehicles in the United States, AEO2013 and AEO2014, 1995-2040 (quadrillion Btu). Natural gas prices significantly increase the demand for LNG and compressed natural gas in AEO2014 , from an insignificant share in 2012 to 8% of HDV energy consumption in 2040. quadrillion Btu in 2012 to 12.1

Oil 290

Oil Light Energy Vehicles 290

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2011

Currently, petroleum almost exclusively fuels the United States (US) transportation system. Electrification will also reduce oil dependence, providing foreign policy benefits and the potential to reduce real oil prices and oil price volatility. of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in the US.

Transportation 252

Transportation MIT Oil Prices Oil 252

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 7, 2009

Background colors of the cells represent the crude oil price required for economic feasibility. These synthetic fuels are economically competitive with petro-diesel when the crude oil price (COP) is at or above $86 per barrel (based on a 20% rate of return, in January 2008 dollars, with a carbon price of zero).

Carbon 186

Carbon Diesel Fuel Coal 186

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 10, 2014

Liquid fuels production (OPEC crude and lease condensate, non-OPEC crude and lease condensate, and other) and consumption (by OECD and non-OECD regions) under three price cases in 2040. Crude and lease condensate includes tight oil, shale oil, extra-heavy crude oil, field condensate, and bitumen (i.e., Source: EIA.

Asia 341

Asia Transportation Oil-Sands Oil Prices 341

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 3, 2010

The complaint makes a number of charges, including that the California LCFS violates the Commerce Clause and the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution. It will protect us from volatile oil prices and provide consumers with cleaner fuels and provide the nation with greater energy security. Earlier post.).

California 199

California Oil-Sands Oil 2005 199

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2013

China is about to become the largest oil-importing country and India becomes the largest importer of coal by the early 2020s. High oil prices, persistent differences in gas and electricity prices between regions and rising energy import bills in many countries focus attention on the relationship between energy and the broader economy.

Oil 275

Oil 2013 Energy Emissions 275

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2011

China consolidates its position as the world’s largest energy consumer: it consumes nearly 70% more energy than the United States by 2035, even though, by then, per capita demand in China is still less than half the level in the United States. Oil and the Transport Sector: Reconfirming the End of Cheap Oil.

Oil 247

Oil Transportation Cheap Fleet 247

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 25, 2011

If the US military increases its use of alternative jet and naval fuels that can be produced from coal or various renewable resources, including seed oils, waste oils and algae, there will be no direct benefit to the nation’s armed forces, according to a new RAND Corporation study.

Alternative Fuels 244

Alternative Fuels Fuel Energy Coal 244