Carbon, Coal, Conversion and Engine

CSIRO and partners to test Direct Injection Carbon Engine to reduce brown coal emissions by up to 50%

Green Car Congress

APRIL 28, 2014

DICE involves converting coal or biomass into a water-based slurry (called micronised refined carbon, MRC) that is directly injected into a large, specially adapted diesel engine. The fuel burns to produce intense temperature and pressure in the engine, which provides highly efficient power to turn electrical generators.

Coal

Coal Carbon Engine Emissions

UK to award £54M to 15 projects developing innovative carbon removal technology

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2022

The UK government is awarding £54 million to 15 projects to develop technologies that remove carbon emissions from the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide can then be permanently stored or used in various products or applications. The biochar is rich in carbon and can be used as a fertilizer. Cambridge Carbon Capture Ltd.,

Carbon

Carbon Coal Gas-Electric Waste

DOE awarding ~$44M to seven carbon capture projects

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2018

The US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy has selected seven projects to receive approximately $44 million in federal funding for cost-shared research and development through the funding opportunity announcement, Design and Testing of Advanced Carbon Capture Technologies. Description. Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.

Carbon

Carbon North Dakota Nebraska Coal

DOE awards $35M to 12 ARPA-E projects to reduce methane emissions; 5 on natural gas engines

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 3, 2021

The US Department of Energy (DOE) announced $35 million in funding for twelve projects focused on developing technologies to reduce methane emissions in the oil, gas, and coal industries. Natural Gas Engines. The system will significantly increase methane conversion efficiency and comply with future stringent nitrous oxide regulations.

Gas

Gas Emissions Engine Coal

Consortium moves ahead with HESC pilot for conversion of Australian coal to LH2 for transport to Japan

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2018

The Hydrogen Energy Supply Chain ( HESC ) project will convert brown coal from the AGL Loy Yang mine into hydrogen at an adjacent site and then transport the gas by road in high pressure tube trailers to a liquefaction terminal at the Port of Hastings. To mitigate any impact, carbon offsets will be purchased by the consortium.

Japan

Japan Coal Transportation Australia

DOE awarding $72M to 27 projects to develop and advance carbon capture technologies, including direct air capture

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 3, 2020

The US Department of Energy (DOE) announced the award of approximately $72 million in federal funding to support the development and advancement of carbon capture technologies under two funding opportunity announcements (FOAs). Enabling Production of Low Carbon Emissions Steel Through CO 2 Capture from Blast Furnace Gases.

Carbon

Carbon Coal Gas-Electric Gas

Air France KLM signs 210M gallon SAF offtake agreement with DG Fuels

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2022

The minimum 10-year deal will reduce lifecycle emissions by up to 340,647 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year, beginning with the first expected SAF deliveries in 2026. These changes eliminate the need for carbon sequestration and reduce the system’s feed-stock handling costs and complexity. Chaput, President and CFO of DG Fuels.

France

France Fuel Louisiana Water

Rio Tinto, Paul Wurth and SHS-Stahl-Holding-Saar partner on low-carbon iron feedstock for steel; HBI from green hydrogen

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2021

KGaA (SHS) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to explore the viability of transforming iron ore pellets into low-carbon hot briquetted iron (HBI) (a form of Direct Reduced Iron, DRI), a steel feedstock ( earlier post ) using green hydrogen generated from hydro-electricity in Canada. Earlier post.).

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Carbon Green Canada

Stanford GCEP awards $6.6M to 7 projects; focus on combining energy conversion with carbon-neutral fuel production

Green Car Congress

MARCH 13, 2013

million to seven research teams—six from Stanford and one from Carnegie Mellon University—to advance research on technologies for renewable energy conversion to electricity or fuels and for capturing CO 2 emissions and converting CO 2 to fuels. Stanford’s Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) is awarding $6.6

Conversion

Conversion Carbon Fuel Energy

Electra raises $85M to advance Low-Temperature Iron process; electrochemical refining at 60?C

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 7, 2022

Electra has raised $85 million to produce Low-Temperature Iron (LTI) from commercial and low-grade ores using zero-carbon intermittent electricity. Electra’s process emits zero carbon dioxide emissions and carries zero green premium, meaning it will cost the same or less than existing production methods powered by fossil fuels.

Coal

Coal Boston Carbon Green

DKRW Advanced Fuels secures EPC contract with Sinopec Engineering for Medicine Bow coal-to-liquids project in Wyoming

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 5, 2012

DKRW Advanced Fuels LLC (DKRW) announced that its wholly owned subsidiary, Medicine Bow Fuel & Power LLC (MBFP), has entered into a fixed price Lump Sum Turn Key (LSTK) Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) contract with the Sinopec Engineering Group (SEG). gasoline (MTG) technologies. Earlier post.). SEG is a share?controlled

Wyoming

Wyoming Coal Engine Fuel

Proposed process for low-emissions coal-to-liquids

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 5, 2015

The EMS (Earth and Mineral Science) Energy Institute at Penn State has developed a conceptual novel process configuration for producing clean middle-distillate fuels from coal with some algal input with minimal emissions. Principal inputs are coal, water, non-carbon electricity, and make-up solvent. Background.

Coal

Coal Emissions Hydrogen Oil

PNNL, NETL and Chinese Academy Begin Cooperative Work on Coal Conversion, Emissions Capture and Carbon Storage

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JULY 15, 2010

Researchers from the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have formed the Clean Energy Partnership to accelerate the development and deployment of coal conversion, emissions capture and carbon storage technologies.

Coal

Coal Chinese Conversion Emissions

DOE announces $110M for carbon capture, utilization, and storage projects

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 15, 2019

A recent study by Science of the Total Environment found that DOE is the most productive organization in the world in the carbon capture and storage field. Under the first FOA award, Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) Studies for Carbon Capture Systems on Coal and Natural Gas Power Plants, DOE has selected nine projects to receive $55.4

Carbon

Carbon Tax Credit Tax Commercial

ARPA-E announces $35M for technologies to reduce methane emissions

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2021

ARPA-E announced up to $35 million for a new program focused on developing technologies to reduce methane emissions in the oil, gas, and coal industries: “Reducing Emissions of Methane Every Day of the Year” ( REMEDY ) ( DE-FOA-0002504 ). Coal mine ventilation air methane (VAM) exhausted from operating underground mines.

Emissions

Emissions Coal Oil Exhaust

Accelergy awarded $1.3M grant for pilot Coal-Biomass-to-Liquids plant in Pennsylvania; algae-based carbon capture

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2011

million grant from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to move forward on the construction of a facility to demonstrate its integrated coal-biomass-to-liquids (CBTL) technology platform ( earlier post ) at Intertek PARC, located at the U-PARC facility in Pittsburgh. Accelergy Corporation has received a $1.3-million

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Coal Grant Carbon

MIT study concludes that absent climate policy, coal-to-liquids could account for around a third of global liquid fuels by 2050

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2011

A new assessment of the viability of coal-to-liquids (CTL) technology by researchers from the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change (JPSPGC) found that without climate policy, CTL has the potential to account for around a third of global liquid fuels by 2050. Credit: Chen et al., 2011 Click to enlarge.

Coal

Coal MIT Climate Global

Researchers use chemical looping process to produce hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide gas

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 13, 2021

The process is detailed in a paper in the journal ACS Sustainable Chemical Engineering. Compared with the undoped sulfur carrier, Mo dopant facilitates the surface hydrogen diffusion, thus promoting the overall H 2 S conversion. —Jangam et al. The initial process used iron oxide to break down the fossil fuels. 1c03410.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Gas Ohio Gas-Electric

US Fuels acquires coal-to-diesel IP for scalable plants near mine sites

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2012

Startup US Fuel Corporation (USF), which plans to design, build, own and operate scalable facilities near coal mine sites to convert coal into synthetic fuels, will acquire coal-to-diesel intellectual property (IP) that USF co-developed with an executive team consisting of Paul Adams and Steve Luck. Andrew Halarewicz, Sr.

Coal

Coal Diesel Fuel Kentucky

Accelergy and A2BE Carbon Capture Form Alliance to Commercialize Integrated-Carbon-to-Liquids (ICTL) Fuel Technologies; Coal and Algae to Fuels

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 9, 2009

Accelergy’s Integrated Coal to Liquids platform is the basis for the Integrated Carbon to Liquids initiative. ICTL incorporates proprietary Accelergy catalytic conversion technologies for what it calls Integrated Coal to Liquids production and A2BE Carbon Capture algae photobioreactor CO 2 recycle technology.

Coal

Coal Carbon Fuel San Diego

SRI developing process for co-gasification of methane and coal to produce liquid transportation fuels; negligible water consumption, no CO2

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 20, 2011

Researchers from SRI International (SRI) are developing a methane-and-coal-to-liquids process that consumes negligible amounts of water and does not generate carbon dioxide. In conventional CTL approaches, energy is supplied by burning a portion of the coal feed, which then produces carbon dioxide. Process flow diagram.

Coal

Coal Water Transportation Fuel

Synthesis Energy Systems and Ambre Energy enter into technical study agreement for coal to gasoline and LPG project; ExxonMobil MTG

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 31, 2011

(SES), a global energy and gasification technology company that provides products and solutions to the energy and chemicals industries, has entered into a Technical Study Agreement with Ambre Energy of Australia to supply a proprietary gasification design to support Ambre’s development of a planned Coal to Liquids Project (ambreCTL).

Coal

Coal Gasoline Energy Australia

DOE selects 8 new advanced coal projects for funding by University Coal Research Program

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2011

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has selected eight new projects to further advanced coal research under the University Coal Research Program. The selected projects are intended to improve coal conversion and use and will help propel technologies for future advanced coal power systems. DOE Share: $299,998).

Coal

Coal Universal Iowa Utah

DOE selects 9 universities for about $2.7M in advanced coal technologies research awards

Green Car Congress

JUNE 7, 2012

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has selected nine universities for awards for research projects that will continue to support innovation and development of advanced, lower emission coal technologies. The projects selected for awards include: Improved Alloys. DOE Share: $293,519). Brown University.

Coal

Coal Universal Indiana Tennessee

Honeywell UOP’s Methanol To Olefins technology selected for China coal chemical complex

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2011

has selected Honeywell’s UOP technology to convert methanol into building blocks for chemical products at an existing coal chemical complex in China. Honeywell UOP will provide technology licenses, basic engineering, catalysts, adsorbents, specialty equipment and technical services for the plant, which is expected to start up in 2013.

Coal

Coal China Belgium Convert

China to be Site of First Commercial Implementation of TRIG Coal Gasifier

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2009

Beijing Guoneng Yinghui Clean Energy Engineering Co., Beijing Guoneng) has awarded KBR a contract to provide licensing, engineering services and proprietary equipment for the implementation of KBR’s and Southern Company’s Transport Integrated Gasification technology (TRIG) at a power plant operated by Dongguan Tianming Electric Power Co.,

Coal

Coal China Commercial Gas-Electric

Obama Announces Steps to Boost Biofuels, Clean Coal; RFS2, BCAP, BIWG and Carbon Capture and Storage Task Force

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2010

Second, the US Department of Agriculture proposed a rule on the Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) that would provide financing to increase the conversion of biomass to bioenergy. It’s been said that the United States is the Saudi Arabia of coal—and that’s because, as I said, it’s one of our most abundant energy resources.

Obama

Obama Coal Clean Cleaning

RWE Power, BRAIN to Cooperate on Conversion of CO2 to Microbial Biomass or Biomolecules

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 4, 2010

German companies RWE Power and biotech firm BRAIN AG (Biotechnology Research And Information Network) are collaborating on research to convert carbon dioxide into microbial biomass or molecules. An experimental plant is to be located at RWE Power’s Coal Innovation Centre, at its Niederaussem power plant site.

Conversion

Conversion Power Powered Coal

DOE Selects Seven Projects for University Coal Research Program

Green Car Congress

MAY 14, 2010

The US Department of Energy has selected 7 projects to participate in the University Coal Research (UCR) program. The projects aim to improve the basic understanding of the chemical and physical processes that govern coal conversion and utilization, by-product utilization, and technological development for advanced energy systems.

Coal

Coal Universal West Virginia Kansas City

Oxford Team Outlines Progress and Potential in CO2 Capture and Conversion to Synthetic Transportation Fuels

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2010

The authors highlight three possible strategies for CO 2 conversion by physico-chemical approaches: sustainable (or renewable) synthetic methanol; syngas production derived from flue gases from coal-, gas- or oil-fired electric power stations; and photochemical production of synthetic fuels. Jiang et al. Jiang et al. Resources.

Conversion

Conversion Transportation Fuel CO2

Accelergy Licenses EERC Technology for Coal Biomass to Synthetic Jet Fuels Process

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2009

Accelergy Corporation, an advanced coal-to-liquids company, has formed a strategic partnership with the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) at the University of North Dakota.

Coal

Coal San Diego North Dakota Fuel

Argonne releases GREET 2020

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2020

Vehicle technologies include conventional internal combustion engines, hybrid-electric systems, battery-electric vehicles, and fuel-cell-electric vehicles. New pathways for co-optimized fuels and engines. The team added four pathways for fuels for use in engines co-optimized with drop-in biofuel blends to improve engine performance.

2020

2020 Gas-Electric Lithium Ion Mariner

BioBoost project targets conversion of biomass into intermediate energy carriers for subsequent conversion into fuels, chemicals, power and heat

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2011

Six research institutions and seven industrial partners from Europe will participate in the new BioBoost project, aimed at converting residual biomass into energy carriers for the production of high-quality and engine-compatible fuels and chemicals as well as for the generation of electricity and heat. above 1000 °C.

Conversion

Conversion Energy Kits Fuel

National Research Council Report on Americas Energy Future Highlights Vehicle Efficiency Technologies, Conversion of Biomass and Coal-to-Liquids Fuels, and Electrifying the Light Duty Fleet with PHEVs, BEVs and FCVs

Green Car Congress

JULY 31, 2009

Developing technologies for the conversion of biomass and coal-to-liquid fuels. By 2035, cellulosic ethanol and/or coal-and-biomass-to-liquid (CBTL) fuels with carbon capture and storage could replace about 15% of current fuel consumption in the transportation sector (1.7–2.5 emissions, according to the report.

Coal

Coal Conversion Light Future

Accelergy Begins Production of Synthetic Jet Fuel from Coal and Biomass; USAF to Evaluate for 100% Synthetic Fuel Use

Green Car Congress

MARCH 24, 2010

Accelergy Corporation has begun production of a synthetic fuel from coal and biomass, to be evaluated by the United States Air Force (USAF) as the industry benchmark for 100% synthetic jet fuel. The pilot facility will also provide a tool for evaluating new coal and biomass feedstocks as the technology moves towards commercial deployment.

Coal

Coal Fuel North Dakota Production

Purdue analysis finds H2Bioil biofuel could be cost-competitive when crude is between $99–$116/barrel

Green Car Congress

JUNE 5, 2012

Their analysis is published in the journal Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. Resulting gases are passed over catalysts, causing reactions that separate oxygen from carbon molecules, making the carbon molecules high in energy content, similar to gasoline molecules. Stone Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering.

Oil Prices

Oil Prices Tax Coal Hydrogen

DOE to award up to $6.7M to projects to convert captured CO2 to useful products, including fuels

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 26, 2016

million in federal funding for cost-shared projects that will develop technologies that utilize CO 2 from coal-fired power plants to produce useful products. Awards made from the FOA will validate the concept, estimate the technology cost, and demonstrate that the carbon lifecycle of the products can offer a true carbon reduction.

Convert

Convert Production Coal CO2

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

million in Carbon Recycling International (CRI). Geely Auto has invested significant resources in the development and promotion of methanol-fueled engines and vehicles over a long period and has already made progress with this technology in China. Renewable methanol is also a low-carbon feedstock for production of synthetic materials.

Renewable

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel

DOE Selects 8 Projects to Advance Technologies for the Co-Production of Power and Hydrogen, Fuels or Chemicals from Coal-Biomass Feedstocks

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 20, 2010

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has selected 8 research projects for funding that will focus on gasification of coal/biomass to produce synthetic gas (syngas) as a pathway to producing power, hydrogen, fuel or chemicals. will blend coal and biomass to develop a feedstock for co-gasification. Clean Coal Briquette Inc.

Coal

Coal Hydrogen Fuel Power

German researchers boost algal hydrogen production five-fold using metabolic engineering approach

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2014

Scientists from the Max Planck Institutes for Chemical Energy Conversion and Coal Research and from the research group Photobiotechnology at Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB) have discovered a way of increasing the efficiency of hydrogen production in microalgae by a factor of five by using a combined metabolic engineering approach.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Production Engine Conversion

SGH2 building largest green hydrogen production facility in California; gasification of waste into H2

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2020

The plant will feature SGH2’s technology, which will gasify recycled mixed paper waste to produce green hydrogen that reduces carbon emissions by two to three times more than green hydrogen produced using electrolysis and renewable energy, and is five to seven times cheaper.

Waste

Waste Hydrogen Green California

MIT Report Finds Natural Gas Has Significant Potential to Displace Coal, Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Role in Transportation More Limited

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2010

Natural gas will play a leading role in reducing greenhouse-gas emissions over the next several decades, largely by replacing older, inefficient coal plants with highly efficient combined-cycle gas generation, according to a major new interim report out from MIT. The first two reports dealt with nuclear power (2003) and coal (2007).

MIT

MIT Coal Gas Emissions

ARPA-E Selects 37 Projects for $106M in Funding in Second Round; Electrofuels, Better Batteries and Carbon Capture

Green Car Congress

APRIL 30, 2010

ARPA-E’s first solicitation awarded $151 million to 37 projects aimed at transformational innovations in energy storage, biofuels, carbon capture, renewable power, building efficiency, vehicles, and other areas. Engineering E. This project seeks to develop an “electrofuels chassis” by using engineered E. Earlier post.)

Carbon

Carbon Batteries Battery Li-ion

Spatially explicit life cycle assessment of 5 sun-to-wheels pathways finds photovoltaic electricity and BEVs offer land-efficient and low-carbon transportation

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 4, 2013

A new spatially-explicit life cycle assessment of five different “sun-to-wheels” conversion pathways—ethanol from corn or switchgrass for internal combustion vehicles (ICVs); electricity from corn or switchgrass for battery-electric vehicles (BEVs); and photovoltaic electricity for BEVs—found a strong case for PV BEVs.

Transportation

Transportation Carbon Conversion Li-ion

CSIRO and partners to test Direct Injection Carbon Engine to reduce brown coal emissions by up to 50%

UK to award £54M to 15 projects developing innovative carbon removal technology

DOE awarding ~$44M to seven carbon capture projects

DOE awards $35M to 12 ARPA-E projects to reduce methane emissions; 5 on natural gas engines

Consortium moves ahead with HESC pilot for conversion of Australian coal to LH2 for transport to Japan

DOE awarding $72M to 27 projects to develop and advance carbon capture technologies, including direct air capture

Air France KLM signs 210M gallon SAF offtake agreement with DG Fuels

Rio Tinto, Paul Wurth and SHS-Stahl-Holding-Saar partner on low-carbon iron feedstock for steel; HBI from green hydrogen

Stanford GCEP awards $6.6M to 7 projects; focus on combining energy conversion with carbon-neutral fuel production

Electra raises $85M to advance Low-Temperature Iron process; electrochemical refining at 60?C

DKRW Advanced Fuels secures EPC contract with Sinopec Engineering for Medicine Bow coal-to-liquids project in Wyoming

Proposed process for low-emissions coal-to-liquids

PNNL, NETL and Chinese Academy Begin Cooperative Work on Coal Conversion, Emissions Capture and Carbon Storage

DOE announces $110M for carbon capture, utilization, and storage projects

ARPA-E announces $35M for technologies to reduce methane emissions

Accelergy awarded $1.3M grant for pilot Coal-Biomass-to-Liquids plant in Pennsylvania; algae-based carbon capture

MIT study concludes that absent climate policy, coal-to-liquids could account for around a third of global liquid fuels by 2050

Researchers use chemical looping process to produce hydrogen from hydrogen sulfide gas

US Fuels acquires coal-to-diesel IP for scalable plants near mine sites

Accelergy and A2BE Carbon Capture Form Alliance to Commercialize Integrated-Carbon-to-Liquids (ICTL) Fuel Technologies; Coal and Algae to Fuels

SRI developing process for co-gasification of methane and coal to produce liquid transportation fuels; negligible water consumption, no CO2

Synthesis Energy Systems and Ambre Energy enter into technical study agreement for coal to gasoline and LPG project; ExxonMobil MTG

DOE selects 8 new advanced coal projects for funding by University Coal Research Program

DOE selects 9 universities for about $2.7M in advanced coal technologies research awards

Honeywell UOP’s Methanol To Olefins technology selected for China coal chemical complex

China to be Site of First Commercial Implementation of TRIG Coal Gasifier

Obama Announces Steps to Boost Biofuels, Clean Coal; RFS2, BCAP, BIWG and Carbon Capture and Storage Task Force

RWE Power, BRAIN to Cooperate on Conversion of CO2 to Microbial Biomass or Biomolecules

DOE Selects Seven Projects for University Coal Research Program

Oxford Team Outlines Progress and Potential in CO2 Capture and Conversion to Synthetic Transportation Fuels

Accelergy Licenses EERC Technology for Coal Biomass to Synthetic Jet Fuels Process

Argonne releases GREET 2020

BioBoost project targets conversion of biomass into intermediate energy carriers for subsequent conversion into fuels, chemicals, power and heat

National Research Council Report on Americas Energy Future Highlights Vehicle Efficiency Technologies, Conversion of Biomass and Coal-to-Liquids Fuels, and Electrifying the Light Duty Fleet with PHEVs, BEVs and FCVs

Accelergy Begins Production of Synthetic Jet Fuel from Coal and Biomass; USAF to Evaluate for 100% Synthetic Fuel Use

Purdue analysis finds H2Bioil biofuel could be cost-competitive when crude is between $99–$116/barrel

DOE to award up to $6.7M to projects to convert captured CO2 to useful products, including fuels

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

DOE Selects 8 Projects to Advance Technologies for the Co-Production of Power and Hydrogen, Fuels or Chemicals from Coal-Biomass Feedstocks

German researchers boost algal hydrogen production five-fold using metabolic engineering approach

SGH2 building largest green hydrogen production facility in California; gasification of waste into H2

MIT Report Finds Natural Gas Has Significant Potential to Displace Coal, Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Role in Transportation More Limited

ARPA-E Selects 37 Projects for $106M in Funding in Second Round; Electrofuels, Better Batteries and Carbon Capture

Spatially explicit life cycle assessment of 5 sun-to-wheels pathways finds photovoltaic electricity and BEVs offer land-efficient and low-carbon transportation

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