Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2009

The existing US NO x cap-and-trade program lowered 2008 summertime NO x emissions from power plants and large industrial sources 62% compared to year 2000 levels and 75% lower than in 1990, according to a report released by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). State level ozone emissions in the NBP, from 1990 to 2010 (projected).

United States 199

United States District of Columbia Ozone 2008 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2011

The Cross-State Air Pollution Rule replaces and strengthens the requirements of the 2005 Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), which the US Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit ordered EPA to revise in 2008. reductions; annual NO x reductions; and ozone-season NO x. Ozone Season NO x Power Plant Emissions. reductions.

Pollution 199

Pollution EPA Transportation Ozone 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2010

This proposal reduces emissions contributing to fine particle (PM 2.5 ) and ozone nonattainment that often travel across state lines. SO 2 and NO x react in the atmosphere to form fine particle pollution and ground-level ozone (smog), which are linked to widespread illnesses and premature deaths. NO x emissions would drop by 52%.

Pollution 218

Pollution EPA Transportation DC 218

Green Car Congress

JULY 4, 2010

Researchers at North Carolina State University are developing an ozone-based pre-treatment technique (ozonolysis) to release sugars from the energy grass miscanthus for production into renewable fuels or chemicals with minimal generation of chemical waste streams and degradation of the carbohydrate components. García-Cubero et al.

Ozone 170

Ozone North Carolina Energy 2010 170

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

The most immediate, effective and low-cost way to reduce soot emissions is to put particle traps on vehicles, diesel trucks, buses, and construction equipment. 2008] and methane [Schutz et al., 1990; Anisimov, 2007] and chemical production of ozone in already-polluted locations [Jacobson, 2008b]. Dessler et al., Guenther et al.,

Global 230

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution 230

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 16, 2016

In order to achieve the 2008 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards set by US EPA, CARB estimates that the South Coast Air Basin alone (including Los Angeles) will need an 80% reduction in NO x emissions by 2031. CARB said it looked forward to continued cooperation with the federal agencies on this long-term effort.

EPA 150

EPA Fuel Standards Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

Because the latter was a $126 billion/year market in 2008, even small differences in GWPs can have large economic consequences. And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone. Similar reactions influence the creation of nitrate aerosols.

Climate Change 268

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution 268

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

The program is designed to provide covered entities the flexibility to seek out and implement the lowest-cost options to reduce emissions. Each year, the total number of allowances issued in the state drops, requiring companies to find the most cost-effective and efficient approaches to reducing their emissions.

California 218

California Climate Climate Change Gas-Electric 218

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2014

Many of the strategies employed to reduce GHG emissions will also work to meet the national ambient air quality standard for ozone in 2032. However, to achieve the needed transportation GHG reductions and the corresponding 2032 ozone standards, the market uptake of advanced technologies will need to be accelerated.

Transportation 273

Transportation Emissions California Ozone 273

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

Significant climate anomalies 2008/2009. In 2008, the minimum ice extent was 9% greater than in 2007, but still the second lowest on record. The hole in the ozone layer has had a cooling effect on Antarctica, and is partly responsible for masking expected warming on the continent. Source: Climate Change Compendium.

Climate Change 259

Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone 259

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2015

The National Academies have released a third review of the 21 st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP); the review follows the Phase 1 and Phase 2 reviews by the National Research Council in 2008 and 2012 ( earlier post ) and assesses the progress the partnership has made. The 50% BTE and the 4.85

MPG 150

MPG Miles 2009 Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2014

The global economic crisis 2007/2008 only temporarily reduced emissions. Estimates of the economic costs of mitigation vary widely. Additionally, reducing transport emissions of particulate matter (including black carbon), tropospheric ozone and aerosol precursors (including NO x ) can have human health and mitigation co?benefits

Emissions 257

Emissions Climate Change 2000 Climate 257

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2010

Regarding future Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission regulations (Pavley 2), staff is evaluating studies of the feasibility and cost of advanced technologies to reduce GHG emissions that could achieve widespread sales and acceptance in the 2017-2025 timeframe. —LEV III discussion paper.

Emissions 186

Emissions Fleet California Vehicles 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 25, 2011

Sustainable Communities : The Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act of 2008 (SB 375) directs California’s metropolitan planning organizations to develop sustainable communities strategies that meet regional greenhouse gas reduction targets through integrated land use, housing and transportation planning.

Pollution 231

Pollution 2012 California 2013 231

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2009

In response to a Board directive in April 2008, ARB staff developed a plan to further reduce emissions from locomotives and railyards. The 37 options were evaluated based on the following criteria: technical feasibility, potential emissions reductions, costs, and cost-effectiveness. NO x helps create ground-level ozone, or smog.

Diesel 170

Diesel California Emissions 2007 170

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

However, since the cost of the hydrous ethanol is significantly lower, hydrous ethanol will provide a lower cost per mile travelled, assuming the processing cost savings is passed on to the consumer. Use of Hydrous Ethanol in the United States. Current Legal Requirement for Use of Anhydrous Ethanol in the United States.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2019

Since real-world workboat engines are operating with longer lifespans, the actual nitrogen oxide emission reductions are 52 percent weaker than predicted in EPA’s 2008 Rule calculations. A longer service life reduces the fleet’s turnover rate to cleaner, lower-emitting engines, therefore increasing future-year emission estimates.

Mariner 223

Mariner EPA Emissions Engine 223

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2010

The cap-and-trade program gives sources flexibility to make the most cost-effective choices about when and how to reduce emissions. Because the allowances can be traded, the program provides incentives for those with the most cost-effective reduction opportunities to reduce emissions quickly. Cost Containment Mechanisms.

2015 210

2015 Transportation Fuel Emissions 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2015

The new non-erosive structure cost about $400,000. In February 2008, GRF became one of the first forests—and the largest—to receive verification as a source of greenhouse gas reductions under the protocols of the Climate Action Reserve , adopted by the California Air Resources Board in 2007. ozone depletion potential (ODP).

Carbon 150

Carbon Personal Store Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2009

The SCOPE (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment) International Biofuels Project, has published the full proceedings of its Rapid Assessment workshop on the environmental effects of biofuel technologies, 22-25 September 2008. As total biofuel production grows, the environmental costs increasingly overshadow societal benefits.

Conversion 150

Conversion Water Emissions 2009 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2016

The Haifa region began air quality monitoring some 30 years ago; the metropolitan area now has the densest air quality monitoring network in Israel with 27 continuous monitoring stations that measure criteria pollutants including sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ozone, particulates and more.

Emissions 150

Emissions Diesel Pollution 150