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Study concludes significant additional transport policy interventions will be required for Europe to meet its GHG reduction goal

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EU climate policy aims to limit the global mean temperature increase from anthropogenic climate change to below 2 °C. They estimated the number of new vehicles required and the adoption of new technologies and fuels based on their availability and cost effectiveness under projected scenario variables such as fuel price.

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CEPS task force report identifies tightening emissions standards as key policy to hit EU 60% reduction in transport GHG; full life-cycle emissions optimal metric

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This should result in a fleet of vehicles with a much better energy efficiency using different low- carbon fuels for different applications, whatever the most cost-effective combination is. The EU must push member states to align taxation levels of different fuels and vehicle types and stop indirect subsidies. June 2013).

Emissions 210
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Study Finds That CO2 Standards for Vehicles Can Reduce Price of Oil

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Car fleet composition in the EU under the different scenarios. By working out that the price of oil will fall when the EU’s regulations fully take effect, the study suggests that the European economic benefits of fuel efficiency have been underestimated, in general by up to 17%, according to T&E. Click to enlarge.

Oil 150
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IEA technology and policy reports outline paths to halving fuel used for combustion-engined road transport in less than 40 years

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The policy package includes a new fuel economy readiness index, which measures the extent to which countries have implemented steps that will fully exploit the potential of existing fuel economy technologies and maximise their use in vehicles. Europe, South Asia, South America, etc.). Policy package.

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California ARB mods to ZEV regulations for IVMs would result in ~1.9% drop in total ZEV/TZEV units 2018-2025; no impact on air quality requirements

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In other words, the automakers still have to meet the fleet-based emissions requirements through their sales mix. Its goal was and is to reduce the environmental impact of light-duty vehicles through the gradual introduction of ZEVs into the California fleet. ARB first adopted the ZEV Regulation in 1990.

2018 257
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MIT Energy Initiative report on transforming the US transportation system by 2050 to address climate challenges

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Achieving our overall goal—reducing fleet fuel and energy consumption and GHGs by three-quarters or more—will be extremely challenging. In the United States, LDVs alone currently account for 43% of petroleum demand and 23% of GHG emissions, when fuel production is considered. —John Heywood.

MIT 150