Climate Change, Comparison, Global and Ozone

Studies find global COVID-19 lockdowns have significantly reduced PM2.5 and NO2 pollution, but ozone up

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2020

Levels of two major air pollutants have been reduced significantly since lockdowns began in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but a secondary pollutant—ground-level ozone—has increased in China, according to new research. For comparison, columns over the same time periods are shown for 2019. —Guy Brasseur.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution Global Iran

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2014

Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Preliminary global mean CO 2 concentrations in February 2014 were 398.06 Ozone formation. Scenario A2 and RCP 8.5.

Ozone

Ozone Climate Change Pollution Climate

Sponsors of SAE Study Conclude HFO-1234yf Can Be Used As Low-GWP Global Replacement Refrigerant in MAC Systems

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2009

A two-year Cooperative Research Program conducted through SAE International to investigate the safety and environmental performance of the low-global-warming-potential (GWP) refrigerant HFO-1234yf for mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems has finished its study. In comparison, the current refrigerant, R-134a, has a GWP of 1,430.

Global

Global USA Climate Change Japan

NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

The 100-year global warming potentials (GWPs) for methane, CO, and NO x (per Tg N) as given in the AR4 and in this study when including no aerosol response; the direct radiative effect of aerosol responses; and the direct+indirect radiative effects of aerosol responses. Source: Shindell at al. Click to enlarge. Shindell et al.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution

GISS study finds applying stricter non-CO2 vehicle emission standards worldwide would yield climate benefits in addition to major health and agricultural benefits

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2011

Climate response to non-CO 2 vehicle emissions. Global and regional zonal mean temperature changes relative to 2010 due to non-CO 2. Bars on the right show uncertainty ranges for 2070, including contributions from both forcing and climate sensitivity (67%; CI). Shindell et al. trillion avoided health damage and $US1.1-4.3

Climate

Climate Standards Emissions Climate Change

Field study finds soot particles absorb significantly less sunlight than predicted by models; climate models may be overestimating warming by BC

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 1, 2012

Although viewed as a potential target in the global effort to reduce climate change, atmospheric black carbon particles absorb significantly less sunlight than scientists have predicted, according to a new study by an international team of researchers, published in the journal Science. Credit: Cappa et al. Click to enlarge.

Climate

Climate Climate Change Carbon Boston

Study finds that environmental impact of corn-ethanol E85 is 23% to 33% higher than that of gasoline; environmental problem-shifting

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

GW = global warming; Eut. eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. This study highlighted the environmental impacts of corn ethanol in comparison with gasoline.

Gasoline

Gasoline Water Emissions Minnesota

EPA report to Congress finds a strong scientific and technical foundation for mitigating black carbon emissions

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2012

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has submitted its final Report to Congress on Black Carbon , in response to an October 2009 request from Congress to advance efforts to understand the role of black carbon (BC) in climate change. Effects of BC on climate, as compared to GHGs. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).

Congress

Congress EPA Carbon Emissions

NOAA Study Identifies Nitrous Oxide as Top Ozone-Depleting Emission in 21st Century

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2009

Comparison of annual N 2 O ODP-weighted emissions from the 1990s with emissions of other ODS in 1987 and in 2008. Currently, anthropogenic N 2 O emissions represent the largest contribution to ozone depletion. About one-third of global nitrous oxide emissions are from human activities. Source: Ravishankara et al. The team, A.R.

Ozone

Ozone Emissions Climate 2009

MIT study finds including non-CO2 emissions from synthetic aviation fuel in lifecycle analysis of climate impact can lead to decrease in relative environmental merit; need for a holistic analysis framework

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2011

Aviation climate change impacts pathway. An an example, they point out that an SPK fuel option with zero life cycle GHG emissions would offer a 100% reduction in GHG emissions but only a 48% reduction in actual climate impact using a 100-year time window and the nominal climate modeling assumptions in the paper.

MIT

MIT Climate Emissions Ozone

Up close and personal with Volkswagen’s e-Golf carbon offset project: Garcia River Forest

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2015

The main focus of the comparisons is on five environmental impact categories during production, use and recycling. ozone depletion potential (ODP). photochemical ozone creation potential. global warming potential for a reference period of 100 years (GWP). Life Cycle Inventory data for the Golf VII 1.2 Click to enlarge.

Carbon

Carbon Personal Store Emissions

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines. —Saliba et al. May, Greg T.

Fleet

Fleet Engine Global Fuel Economy

Study finds climate impact of long distance trip can vary by factor of 10 depending upon mode, efficiency and occupancy

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2013

compared the specific climate impact of long-distance car travel with bus, train, or air trips. They accounted for both CO 2 emissions and emissions of ozone precursors (NO x , VOC, CO) and aerosols (BC or black carbon, OC, SO 2 ) as well as cloud effects (aviation-induced cirrus clouds and contrails)—i.e., Click to enlarge.

Climate

Climate Diesel Climate Change Emissions

EV Driven

Studies find global COVID-19 lockdowns have significantly reduced PM2.5 and NO2 pollution, but ozone up

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

Sponsors of SAE Study Conclude HFO-1234yf Can Be Used As Low-GWP Global Replacement Refrigerant in MAC Systems

NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

GISS study finds applying stricter non-CO2 vehicle emission standards worldwide would yield climate benefits in addition to major health and agricultural benefits

Field study finds soot particles absorb significantly less sunlight than predicted by models; climate models may be overestimating warming by BC

Study finds that environmental impact of corn-ethanol E85 is 23% to 33% higher than that of gasoline; environmental problem-shifting

EPA report to Congress finds a strong scientific and technical foundation for mitigating black carbon emissions

NOAA Study Identifies Nitrous Oxide as Top Ozone-Depleting Emission in 21st Century

MIT study finds including non-CO2 emissions from synthetic aviation fuel in lifecycle analysis of climate impact can lead to decrease in relative environmental merit; need for a holistic analysis framework

Up close and personal with Volkswagen’s e-Golf carbon offset project: Garcia River Forest

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Study finds climate impact of long distance trip can vary by factor of 10 depending upon mode, efficiency and occupancy

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