Downsizing, Engine, International and Study

Penn State, EC Power use internal thermal modulation to enable stable fast charging

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 3, 2022

Our fast-charging technology works for most energy-dense batteries and will open a new possibility to downsize electric vehicle batteries from 150 to 50 kWh without causing drivers to feel range anxiety. Keeping batteries consistently at just the right temperature has been major challenge for battery engineers. Credit: EC Power.

International

International Charging Power Powered

Tsinghua studies on alcohol-gasoline dual fuel engines show fuel efficiency and particle number benefits

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 10, 2015

Researchers at Tsinghua University in China are studying the effects of Dual-Fuel Spark Ignition (DFSI) combustion fueled with different alcohols and gasoline. Alternatively, in the second study, gasoline–alcohol DFSI is based on PFI of gasoline and DI of alcohols.). —Liu et al.

Gasoline

Gasoline Fuel Engine Fuel Economy

Simulation study suggests ORC waste heat recovery system could deliver potential 7% improvement in fuel consumption in a PHEV on highway

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2012

Their paper was presented at the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division 2012 Fall Technical Conference by Marcello Canova, assistant professor at OSU; lead author was Philipp Skarke, from the University of Stuttgart Institute for Internal Combustion Engines and Automotive Engineering. —Skarke et al.

Waste

Waste PHEV Fuel Exhaust

Mazdas new SKYACTIV gasoline and diesel engines are steps on the road to its Ideal Engine; focus on compression ratio

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 4, 2011

Mazda’s roadmap to the ideal internal combustion engine. the step-by-step introduction of electrification to SKYACTIV internal combustion engines: stop-start, followed by regenerative braking, followed by electric motor drive technologies. Energy balance in an internal combustion engine.

Mazda

Mazda Engine Gasoline Diesel

Study finds that aluminum reduces electric vehicle cost against steel counterpart for same targeted range

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 7, 2013

The study task design steps. A recent study found that an aluminum electric vehicle can cost up to €635 (US$829) less than that its steel counterpart despite the higher cost of aluminum, given equivalent range targets. As a secondary effect, the battery system capacity could be downsized by 3.3 Source: fka. Click to enlarge.

Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicles Range Vehicles Electric

ECONAMIQ: Flexible over-expansion with cylinder deactivation can reduce ICE fuel consumption by up to 20%

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2019

Dutch start-up ECONAMIQ is developing a novel engine technology which saves up to 20% in fuel consumption. The “ECONAMIQ principle” uses flexible over-expansion in combination with cylinder deactivation technology to increase performance and efficiency without significantly changing the engine layout or architecture.

Fuel

Fuel San Jose 2019 Engine

Study finds technology cost of achieving European 2020 LDV CO2 targets more than offset by resultant fuel savings

Green Car Congress

MARCH 19, 2013

The technical and macro-economic study, commissioned by the European Climate Foundation, focuses on light-duty vehicles. The Phase I study assesses two scenarios against a reference case in which vehicle efficiency is frozen at the current level. The project is taking a phased approach.

Cost Of

Cost Of 2020 Fuel CO2

CPT/AVL Study: New Generation of Micro-Hybrid Technologies Can Enable More than 25% Reduction in Fuel Consumption at Lower Cost Than Full Hybrid Drive Systems

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 13, 2010

liter ELC-Hybrid to downsized 1.4L VTES + SpeedStart. The paper was jointly authored by CPT engineering director and chief technical officer Guy Morris with Mark Criddle, Mike Dowsett and Toby Heason from CPT and Dr. Paul Kapus and Matthias Neubauer from AVL. TGDI engine and close to the 146 g/km of the current Passat 2.0L

VRLA

VRLA Hybrid Downsizing Fuel

Audi using supplementary port fuel injection to address particulates from gasoline direct injection

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 14, 2014

liter EA888 Gen3 engine featured in Audi’s all-road shooting brake plug-in hybrid concept unveiled at the North American International Auto Show this week ( earlier post ) features—as does its production ilk—a dual injection system that combines direct injection with indirect injection into the intake manifold.

Gasoline

Gasoline Audi Fuel Engine

Marks & Spencer to lease Dearman zero-emission TRU

Green Car Congress

MAY 31, 2018

Dearman’s liquid nitrogen-powered engine ( earlier post ) is zero emission. The technology will replace diesel-powered secondary engines used to power (TRUs), which are used to keep food cold on the road. Because the Dearman TRU is powered by expansion rather than internal combustion, it is also markedly quieter than a diesel unit.

Emissions

Emissions Diesel Belgium Downsizing

Study Finds That Tripling US LDV New Fleet Fuel Efficiency by 2035 Through Evolutionary Change is Ambitious But Doable

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 2, 2010

DeCicco’s analysis shows that optimizing internal combustion engines plus rising adoption of grid-free hybrids will enable new fleet fuel economy (unadjusted) to reach 52 mpg (4.52 The study, “A Fuel Efficiency Horizon for US Automobiles”, was prepared for The Energy Foundation. L/100km) by 2035.

Fleet

Fleet Fuel Automobile MPG

Lotus Engineering Study Concludes Vehicle Mass Improvement of 38% by 2020 vs a Conventional Current Vehicle Can Be Achieved at Only 3% Cost

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2010

The Lotus Engineering 2020 lightweight Toyota Venza. Lotus Engineering has conducted a detailed study to develop a commercially viable mass reduction strategy for mainstream passenger vehicles. That philosophy has always been core to Lotus’ approach to vehicle engineering and is now more relevant than ever.

2020

2020 Engine Vehicles 2017

ETH Zürich Developing Pneumatic Hybrid Engine; Approaches Hybrid-Electric Performance at Lower Cost

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 1, 2009

Pneumatic hybrid engine on the test bench. Researchers at ETH Zürich are developing a pneumatic hybrid engine—an internal combustion engine connected to a compressed air tank instead of a battery system. If fuel is also injected, the engine responds quickly. The compressed air supply also allows extreme downsizing.

Hybrid

Hybrid Engine Downsizing 2009

National Research Council Study Finds That Available Technologies Can Result in Significant Fuel Savings for Passenger Vehicles Over the Next 15 Years, But at Higher Purchase Prices for Consumers

Green Car Congress

JUNE 4, 2010

Using a 2007 base vehicle, the committee estimated the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines over that timeframe: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition (CI) diesel, and hybrid. Engines and Technologies. Assessment of Technologies”.

Purchase

Purchase Lithium Ion Fuel Available

Review of research suggests inconclusive support for fuel consumption benefits of catalyzed EGR

Green Car Congress

MAY 18, 2015

Conflicting evidence does not support making a firm conclusion on the fuel consumption benefit of catalysed Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), according to a review of current studies by a team at the University of Bath (UK). As an example, one study found a decrease in fuel consumption of up to 2%, while another found an increase of 1.5%-3.5%.

Fuel

Fuel Exhaust Gas Engine

Ricardo: achieving light-duty diesel RDE NOx compliance in urban driving is possible, at a price

Green Car Congress

JUNE 11, 2016

A range of aftertreatment technology options are available to automakers seeking to achieve compliance with the impending EU Real Driving Emissions (RDE) regulations, according to the results of a Ricardo research project presented recently at the SIA Powertrain international conference and exhibition in Rouen, France. liter diesel engine.

Light

Light Diesel Price Exhaust

UK Technology Strategy Board Awards More Than 12M to 22 Projects to Speed Up Development of Low-Carbon Technology for Vehicles; Includes Gas Turbine Range Extender and Li-S Battery Cells

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 22, 2010

million) in 22 studies and projects to develop new technology that will speed up the reduction of CO 2 emissions from road vehicles. The investment will be made in sixteen proof of concept studies, which will last up to one year, and six longer-running full research and development projects. EDS TurboClaw.

Carbon

Carbon Li-ion Downsizing Gas

BCG study finds conventional automotive technologies have high CO2 reduction potential at lower cost; stiff competition for electric cars

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2011

As a result, BCG concludes, the electric car faces stiff competition from ICEs (internal combustion engines) and, based solely on total cost of ownership (TCO) economics, will not be the preferred option for most consumers. However, China is a major wildcard. Conventional technologies with high CO 2 reduction potential. Source: BCG.

CO2

CO2 Electric Cars 2020 United States

EC rolls out CARS 2020 action plan for European auto industry

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 8, 2012

To meet long-term greenhouse gas emissions targets as well as air quality objectives, the internal combustion engine will be further improved, being accompanied by the development and progressive implementation of breakthrough technologies, such as electrified propulsion. A stronger internal market and smart regulation.

Auto Industry

Auto Industry 2020 Industrial Industry

McMaster team reviews progress on hybrid-specific engine technologies

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 31, 2021

A team from McMaster University in Canada has published a comprehensive review of recent progress in low-temperature combustion (LTC), alternative fuels (AF), over-expansion Atkinson cycle, and waste heat recovery (WHR) techniques as applied to hybrid-specific engines. Modern Atkinson engines are mostly realized by VVT technology.

Engine

Engine Hybrid Fuel Economy Alternative Fuels

GFEI report finds improvements in average new LDV fuel economy lagging pace required to cut 50% fuel use for new cars worldwide by 2030; policy focus should be on emerging markets

Green Car Congress

MARCH 5, 2013

The report—“International comparison of light-duty vehicle fuel economy: An update using 2010 and 2011 new registration data”—was published for the GFEI by the International Energy Agency (IEA) which is a partner in the initiative. —“International comparison of light-duty vehicle fuel economy”. Engine power.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel 2005

Ford focused on lightweighting as a major enabling technology for low-emission, fuel-efficient vehicles from ICEs to EVs

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 14, 2011

Ford is focused on lightweighting as a key enabling technology for lowering fuel consumption in combustion-engined vehicles (ICE) and for extending the range—and the size—of battery electric vehicles (EVs). Once you take the weight out, you take the engine down and get substantial deltas in fuel economy.

Ford

Ford Fuel Emissions Vehicles

Former Commerce and Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta urges technology neutral policies in reaching proposed CAFE standards

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 8, 2011

From a “well-to-wheel” perspective, high efficient gasoline and diesel engines are nearly as energy efficient as any technology available. The quickest and most cost-effective way to achieve our energy usage goals is through faster adoption of fuel-efficient downsized gasoline and diesel engines. They determined that only 3.9

Standards

Standards Transportation Fuel Economy MPG

Achates OPGCI project targeting 50% fuel efficiency gains over downsized GDI engine at reduced cost

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2015

Achates Power will work with Delphi Automotive and Argonne National Laboratory on its ARPA-E-funded project to develop an innovative opposed-piston, gasoline compression ignition (OPGCI) engine. Conceptual image of a possible multi-cylinder OPGCI engine. It could also be the first of a family of OPGCI engines spanning 1.0

Downsizing

Downsizing Engine Fuel Gasoline

DOE to award up to $137M for SuperTruck II, Vehicle Technology Office programs

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 16, 2016

will design and develop a new more-efficient engine and advanced drivetrain and vehicle technologies. will design and develop a vehicle and powertrain with electrified engine components that can enable higher engine efficiency and a significantly more aerodynamically reengineered cab. Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station.

Vehicles

Vehicles Plug-in Lithium Ion Universal

ICCT-led analysis of turbocharged, downsized engine tech finds lower costs and greater benefits than 2012 EPA/NHTSA analysis; 48V, e-boost, Miller

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 31, 2016

A new white paper published by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), in collaboration with Eaton, Ricardo, JCI, BorgWarner, Honeywell, and the ITB Group, analyzes current turbocharged, downsized gasoline engine technology developments and trends. Source: ICCT. Click to enlarge.

Downsizing

Downsizing EPA Engine Eaton

The EV Battery Wish List

Cars That Think

MARCH 12, 2023

Extrapolating from company targets, a future compact-size Lucid—think the size of Tesla Model 3 or Model Y—could decisively downsize its battery without sacrificing useful range. All this could grant the ultimate, elusive wish for EV makers: Price parity with internal-combustion automobiles. More useable space for passengers and cargo.

Batteries

Batteries Battery Supplies GM

Acura unveils all-new electrified ARX-06 race car

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 18, 2022

liter V6 internal combustion engine designed, developed and manufactured by Honda Performance Development [HPD]—the racing arm for Acura Motorsports in North America. The hybrid power plant includes an IMSA-specified electric Bosch Motor Generator Unit (MGU) and Williams Advanced Engineering battery pack.

Acura

Acura Cars North America Concept

DOE Co-Optima initiative publishes report reviewing first 12 months; progress on fuels and engines

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2017

Co-Optima’s premise is that current fuels constrain engine design—and thus engine efficiency. Co-Optima’s premise is that current fuels constrain engine design—and thus engine efficiency. The teams are also evaluating the impact of discrete fuel properties on advanced SI engine performance.

Engine

Engine Fuel Downsizing Gasoline

First Drive: 2016 Hyundai Sonata PHEV and HEV

Green Car Congress

MAY 26, 2015

Engine power (kW). Engine torque (N·m). Both parallel hybrid powertrains—PHEV and HEV—use Hyundai’s Transmission-Mounted Electrical Device (TMED) coupled with a six-speed automatic transmission and the Nu 2.0L (1999 cm 3 ) GDI 4-cylinder DOHC 16-valve engine with DCVVT (Dual Continuously Variable Valve Timing).

PHEV

PHEV 2016 Hyundai Plug-in

Promising Delphi 1st-gen Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition engine meeting ultra fuel efficient program targets

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2014

In a presentation at the SAE 2014 High Efficiency IC Engine Symposium and then in a paper given at SAE 2014 World Congress, Mark Sellnau, Engineering Manager, Delphi Advanced Powertrain, reported that Brake Specific Fuel Consumption for the 1.8L Earlier post , earlier post.). Background. Earlier post.) DOE UFEV program targets.

Gasoline

Gasoline Engine Fuel Wisconsin

Hitachi Restructures, Spinning Off Automotive Systems Business; to Launch Group-Wide Strategies for Li-ion Battery and Renewables Businesses

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2009

The new automotive business will have a special focus on hybrid and electric drive system components, as well as technologies for enhancing the efficiency of internal combustion engines. This will see the integration of engine control system and power steering operations where manufacturing takes place at multiple bases.

Li-ion

Li-ion Renewable Lithium Ion Batteries

Study explores impact of alcohol-gasoline blends with early inlet valve closing at low and moderate loads on EGR tolerance

Green Car Congress

MARCH 20, 2013

A team from Brunel University, MAHLE Powertrain and University College London studied the combined effects of different inlet valve operating strategies on combustion, performance and emissions with different ethanol and 1-butanol blends with gasoline in a single-cylinder spark-ignition research engine equipped with a fully variable valvetrain.

Gasoline

Gasoline Exhaust Downsizing Engine

Brunel engineers optimizing CAI combustion in 2-stroke camless gasoline DI engine

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 10, 2014

Researchers at Brunel University in the UK, led by Professor Hua Zhao, Head of Mechanical Engineering and Director, Centre for Advanced Powertrain and Fuels (CAPF), are investigating optimizing the performance of controlled autoignition (CAI) combustion in a four-valve camless gasoline direct injection engine running in a two-stroke cycle.

Gasoline

Gasoline Engine Exhaust Fuel

NRC report finds significant number of near-term technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars

Green Car Congress

JUNE 16, 2011

According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29% at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. —“Assessment of Technologies” Spark-ignition technologies.

Fuel

Fuel Downsizing Fuel Economy Diesel

Ford assessment of two cylinder deactivation strategies for award-winning 3-cyl. EcoBoost

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2015

A comparison of the benefits of two different cylinder deactivation operating strategies for downsized 3-cylinder engines such as the 1.0L liter EcoBoost engine recently received its eighth award in four years at the 2015 International Engine of the Year Awards. The largest difference proved to be in cost.

Ford

Ford Fuel Economy Downsizing Economy

NRC report finds Federal analysis to set LD CAFE and GHG standards generally of high quality; some technologies and issues should be re-examined

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2015

The NRC study is intended to feed into the mid-term review and provide an independent review of technologies and the CAFE program more generally. The National Research Council is the principal operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering.

Standards

Standards Fuel Economy Economy EPA

ICCT: 2025 target average of 70 g/km CO2 for new cars in EU feasible and economical; more so with electric drive

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2016

A 2025 CO 2 target of an average 70 g/km for new cars in the EU could be met with very little electrification and with an average payback period of less than 4 years, according to a new study by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT). Peter Mock, Managing Director of ICCT Europe.

CO2

CO2 Cars 2014 Exhaust

Achates Power opposed-piston diesel for TARDEC will demonstrate multi-cylinder configuration

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2013

Achates Power says that its 2-stroke OP engine offers higher best point brake thermal efficiency than diesel or gasoline engines. In December 2012, the US Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) awarded Achates Power, Inc., brake thermal efficiency with its OP engine. Click to enlarge.

Diesel

Diesel Power Powered Exhaust

Infiniti unveils electric Prototype 10 at Pebble Beach

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2018

The new concept follows two other design studies revealed by Infiniti in the last 12 months: the Prototype 9 and the Infiniti Q Inspiration Concept ( earlier post ), unveiled at the 2018 North American International Auto Show in Detroit.

Infinity

Infinity Concept Electric Electrical

Can Alt-Fuel Credits Accelerate EV Adoption?

Cars That Think

OCTOBER 25, 2022

The RFS, in essence, mandated that the blend powering engines in the nation’s official service vehicles run on a certain amount of renewable fuel. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which stewards the RFS, had repeatedly downsized the targets by nearly 25 percent. In 2016, a U.S. says Nunes. Meanwhile, in a future U.S.

Fuel

Fuel South Korea Renewable Tax Credit

Exploring gasoline-range naphtha as a low-soot, low-NOx alternative compression ignition fuel

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 8, 2013

This leads to lower particulate matters (PM) emission in conventional diesel combustion, as shown by a number of other studies. It would be desirable to develop engine combustion systems that could run on naphtha. Based on these engine studies, they installed a downsized four-cylinder 1.6-liter Why naphtha?

Gasoline

Gasoline Fuel Range Diesel

Using the PHEV (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle) to Transition Society Seamlessly and Profitably From Fossil Fuel to 100% Renewable Energy

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2015

The PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), a subset of the electric car, combines a primary electric motor with a much smaller back-up engine fueled with a hydrocarbon/biofuel mix. (In He was formerly with the University of Wisconsin and Rockwell International, and holds a Ph.D. Engineering Advantages of PHEV.

PHEV

PHEV Plug-in Renewable Energy

How Carmakers Are Responding to the Plug-In Hybrid Opportunity

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

Honda Sees PHEVs as having "unnecessary fuel engine and fuel tank;" promises all-electrics "assuming we can come up with a really high-performing battery that we are working on currently." Cischke, Ford senior vice president for sustainability, environment and safety engineering. "By See Chevy Volt for latest.

Plug-in

Plug-in Plug Hybrid PHEV

Penn State, EC Power use internal thermal modulation to enable stable fast charging

Tsinghua studies on alcohol-gasoline dual fuel engines show fuel efficiency and particle number benefits

Simulation study suggests ORC waste heat recovery system could deliver potential 7% improvement in fuel consumption in a PHEV on highway

Mazdas new SKYACTIV gasoline and diesel engines are steps on the road to its Ideal Engine; focus on compression ratio

Study finds that aluminum reduces electric vehicle cost against steel counterpart for same targeted range

ECONAMIQ: Flexible over-expansion with cylinder deactivation can reduce ICE fuel consumption by up to 20%

Study finds technology cost of achieving European 2020 LDV CO2 targets more than offset by resultant fuel savings

CPT/AVL Study: New Generation of Micro-Hybrid Technologies Can Enable More than 25% Reduction in Fuel Consumption at Lower Cost Than Full Hybrid Drive Systems

Audi using supplementary port fuel injection to address particulates from gasoline direct injection

Marks & Spencer to lease Dearman zero-emission TRU

Study Finds That Tripling US LDV New Fleet Fuel Efficiency by 2035 Through Evolutionary Change is Ambitious But Doable

Lotus Engineering Study Concludes Vehicle Mass Improvement of 38% by 2020 vs a Conventional Current Vehicle Can Be Achieved at Only 3% Cost

ETH Zürich Developing Pneumatic Hybrid Engine; Approaches Hybrid-Electric Performance at Lower Cost

National Research Council Study Finds That Available Technologies Can Result in Significant Fuel Savings for Passenger Vehicles Over the Next 15 Years, But at Higher Purchase Prices for Consumers

Review of research suggests inconclusive support for fuel consumption benefits of catalyzed EGR

Ricardo: achieving light-duty diesel RDE NOx compliance in urban driving is possible, at a price

UK Technology Strategy Board Awards More Than 12M to 22 Projects to Speed Up Development of Low-Carbon Technology for Vehicles; Includes Gas Turbine Range Extender and Li-S Battery Cells

BCG study finds conventional automotive technologies have high CO2 reduction potential at lower cost; stiff competition for electric cars

EC rolls out CARS 2020 action plan for European auto industry

McMaster team reviews progress on hybrid-specific engine technologies

GFEI report finds improvements in average new LDV fuel economy lagging pace required to cut 50% fuel use for new cars worldwide by 2030; policy focus should be on emerging markets

Ford focused on lightweighting as a major enabling technology for low-emission, fuel-efficient vehicles from ICEs to EVs

Former Commerce and Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta urges technology neutral policies in reaching proposed CAFE standards

Achates OPGCI project targeting 50% fuel efficiency gains over downsized GDI engine at reduced cost

DOE to award up to $137M for SuperTruck II, Vehicle Technology Office programs

ICCT-led analysis of turbocharged, downsized engine tech finds lower costs and greater benefits than 2012 EPA/NHTSA analysis; 48V, e-boost, Miller

The EV Battery Wish List

Acura unveils all-new electrified ARX-06 race car

DOE Co-Optima initiative publishes report reviewing first 12 months; progress on fuels and engines

First Drive: 2016 Hyundai Sonata PHEV and HEV

Promising Delphi 1st-gen Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition engine meeting ultra fuel efficient program targets

Hitachi Restructures, Spinning Off Automotive Systems Business; to Launch Group-Wide Strategies for Li-ion Battery and Renewables Businesses

Study explores impact of alcohol-gasoline blends with early inlet valve closing at low and moderate loads on EGR tolerance

Brunel engineers optimizing CAI combustion in 2-stroke camless gasoline DI engine

NRC report finds significant number of near-term technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars

Ford assessment of two cylinder deactivation strategies for award-winning 3-cyl. EcoBoost

NRC report finds Federal analysis to set LD CAFE and GHG standards generally of high quality; some technologies and issues should be re-examined

ICCT: 2025 target average of 70 g/km CO2 for new cars in EU feasible and economical; more so with electric drive

Achates Power opposed-piston diesel for TARDEC will demonstrate multi-cylinder configuration

Infiniti unveils electric Prototype 10 at Pebble Beach

Can Alt-Fuel Credits Accelerate EV Adoption?

Exploring gasoline-range naphtha as a low-soot, low-NOx alternative compression ignition fuel

Using the PHEV (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle) to Transition Society Seamlessly and Profitably From Fossil Fuel to 100% Renewable Energy

How Carmakers Are Responding to the Plug-In Hybrid Opportunity

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