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Study shows two-stroke scooters dominant source of air pollution in many cities; asymmetric polluters

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A study by European researchers has found that two-stroke (2S) scooters, although constituting a small fraction of the fleet, can dominate urban vehicular pollution through organic aerosol and aromatic emission factors up to thousands of times higher than from other vehicle classes. Click to enlarge.

Pollution 362
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Melting Glaciers May Release Trapped Legacy Pollutants

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Historical trends of (A) ΣPCDD/F, (B) ΣPCB, and (C) ΣDDT in sediment from Lake Oberaar and from low-altitude lakes in Switzerland, normalized relative to their maximum historical peaks. The “second peak” for Lake Oberaar supports the hypothesis of pollutant release from melting. Credit: ACS, Bogdal et al.

Pollution 186
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Study Finds That CO2 Emissions in Europe from Mobile AC May Be An Average Six Times Higher Than Predicted by the EPA MOBILE6 Model

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The team developed a simple model to calculate extra emissions and fuel consumption resulting from MAC activity as a function of ambient temperature and humidity: EEMAC, Empa Emission model for Mobile Air Conditioning systems. Article ASAP doi: 10.1021/es903654t. Tags: Emissions Fuel Efficiency Vehicle Systems.

EPA 170
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Devil in the Details: World Leaders Scramble To Salvage and Shape Copenhagens UNFCCC Climate Summit

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At issue is the 2012 expiration of the Kyoto Protocol, a binding but effectively unenforceable 1997 treaty that had set greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets for 40 industrialized countries, referred to as Annex 1 countries, yielding an average GHG reduction of 5.2%

Climate 236
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Study finds modern diesel cars emit fewer carbonaceous particulates than gasoline cars

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A new study by an international team led by researchers from the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Switzerland has found that modern diesel passenger cars equipped with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) emit fewer carbonaceous particulates than gasoline-powered vehicles. a) Aerosol emission factors (g kg −1 fuel) measured in the study.

Gasoline 218
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Study Concludes That to Limit Global Warming to 2 °C, Less Than 25% of Proven Fossil Fuel Reserves Can be Burnt Between Now and 2050

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This issue of Nature — themed “The Climate Crunch”—features a number of related papers and commentary on greenhouse gas emissions and the difficulty of cutting back, as well as an editorial calling on commitment from “ the highest levels ” to make the needed changes. —Malte Meinshausen.