2017, Exhaust, Pollution and Universal

Study finds that replacing older, highly polluting school buses could lead to 1.3 million fewer daily absences annually

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2023

Replacing all of the oldest, highly polluting school buses in the US could lead to 1.3 million fewer daily absences annually, according to a University of Michigan study. Even relatively short commutes on school buses can dominate students’ daily air pollution exposures.

Pollution

Pollution Cleaner 2012 EPA

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

Green Car Congress

MARCH 1, 2019

Exhaust from on-road diesel vehicles was responsible for nearly half of the impacts (~181,000 premature deaths) worldwide, and fully two-thirds in India, France, Germany, and Italy. The distribution of health impacts and air pollution from transportation is influenced by policy, demographic, economic, and technological changes.

Ozone

Ozone 2015 2010 Exhaust

Researchers show mechanism by which diesel exhaust particles trigger respiratory “flare-ups”

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2017

Researchers at Imperial College London, working with colleagues from King’s College London and University of British Columbia, have demonstrated a mechanism by which diesel exhaust particles directly affect the lungs to initiate symptoms such as a tightening of the airways and cough.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Pollution Guinea

China study connects ozone pollution to cardiovascular health

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2017

The study, by a team from Duke University, Tsinghua University, Duke Kunshan University and Peking University, appears in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine. They monitored indoor and outdoor ozone levels, along with other pollutants. —Junfeng (Jim) Zhang, from Duke and Duke Kunshan University.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution Connect Connected

Lancet Commission report estimates pollution responsible for 9 million premature deaths globally in 2015; 16% of deaths

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 21, 2017

Pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and premature death in the world today, according to the newly released report detailing the adverse effects of pollution on global health by the The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health. Pollution is costly. The open-access report is published in The Lancet.

Pollution

Pollution Global 2015 Water

Study finds in-car rush-hour exposure to some particulate pollution twice as high as previously thought

Green Car Congress

JULY 23, 2017

A new study, part of the Atlanta Commuter Exposures (ACE) Study, has assessed on-roadway in-cabin particulate pollution (PM 2.5 ) collected from scripted rush hour commutes on highways and on non-highway side streets. Most traffic pollution sensors are placed on the ground alongside the road and take continuous samples for a 24-hour period.

Pollution

Pollution Atlanta Cars Exhaust

Two new studies of road air pollution in London find detrimental effects on over-60s and unborn babies

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 6, 2017

Exposure to air pollution on city streets is enough to counter the beneficial health effects of exercise in adults over 60, according to new research led by Imperial College London and Duke University. Our research suggests that we might advise older adults to walk in green spaces, away from built-up areas and pollution from traffic.

London

London Pollution Environment Exhaust

Swiss team concludes that particulate filters should be mandatory for GDI engines

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2017

Based on a three-year study of toxic and environmentally relevant pollutants from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, Swiss researchers have concluded that some GDI engines emit just as many soot particles as unfiltered diesel cars did in the past. Further, the GDI particles carry numerous carcinogenic substances. —Norbert Heeb.

Engine

Engine Exhaust Gasoline Diesel

Study finds “markedly” high levels of diesel exhaust present in commuter trains powered by locomotives in pull-mode

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 9, 2017

Diesel-powered commuter trains may expose their passengers to elevated levels of certain black carbon and ultrafine particles, especially in the coach directly behind the locomotive, according to a new study from researchers at the University of Toronto. A paper on the study is published in the journal Atmospheric Environment. 2017.02.015.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Power Powered

Hydrogen Opposed Piston Engine Working Group formed

Green Car Congress

MAY 26, 2022

—James Turner, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). A study of a 2017 Toyota Mirai fuel cell by Argonne National Laboratory found fuel cell stack efficiency below 50% and fuel cell system efficiency dropping below 40% at high loads.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Engine Saudi Arabia Universal

CMU study finds SOA levels in cities like LA will remain high despite cleaner cars; nonlinear relationship between SOA and NOx

Green Car Congress

JUNE 22, 2017

The findings of a study by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University, with colleagues at UC Berkeley, suggest that changing atmospheric NO x levels over the next two decades will likely significantly reduce the effectiveness of stricter new gasoline vehicle emissions standards in reducing concentrations of secondary organic aerosol (SOA).

Cleaner

Cleaner Los Angeles Exhaust Gasoline

New nanostructured earth abundant metal catalysts rival platinum on a weight basis; diesel emissions treatment

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2017

A development in catalysis research by academics at the Universities of St Andrews and Newcastle could lead to new systems to treat diesel emissions. Catalysts are typically metallic nanoparticles—often platinum group metals—that are finely deposited upon a substrate. Dragos Neagu, Evangelos I. Papaioannou, Wan K. Ramli, David N.

Diesel

Diesel Emissions Exhaust Concept

Economists propose use of dynamic road fees for traffic control

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2018

In the current issue of Nature , economists Peter Cramton, Axel Ockenfels (both University of Cologne) and R. Richard Geddes (Cornell University) propose having drivers pay a dynamic fee for the use of roads. Pollution and stress would decrease. The location of individual cars can now be tracked to within a few centimeters.

Price

Price Pollution Environment Universal

NREL announces $18M investment in 9 new projects to advance medium- and heavy-duty natural gas vehicle technologies

Green Car Congress

MARCH 7, 2019

The selected projects will focus on reducing the total cost of ownership of NGVs, increasing vehicle efficiency, decreasing local air pollution, and advancing technology development to increase the use of more affordable medium- and heavy-duty natural gas engines and vehicles. Cummins Inc. Plug-in Hybrid CNG Drayage Truck “PHET”.

Gas

Gas Vehicles Exhaust Engine

Study finds air quality models significantly underestimate traffic as source of NOx in Europe

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2017

Traffic contributes more to NO x emissions in Europe than previously thought, according to a new study by a team at the University of Innsbruck. It has been a challenge to determine how much each polluter contributes to the emission output. The majority of the emissions is caused by diesel cars.

Europe

Europe Diesel Emissions Pollution

Study finds catalyzed gasoline particulate filters effective at reducing particulate and PAH emissions from GDI engines

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2018

The researchers assessed the gaseous, particulate, and genotoxic pollutants from two current technology gasoline direct injection vehicles when tested in their original configuration and with a catalyzed gasoline particulate filter (GPF). Their study is publishedin the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Engine Fuel Economy

New composite reduces rare earth element usage in three-way catalytic converters

Green Car Congress

JUNE 2, 2017

Now, researchers at Kumamoto University in Japan, led by Professor Masato Machida, have developed a new composite material—a CeO 2 -grafted MnFeO y (CeO 2 /MnFeO y ) as a substitute for the conventional CeO 2 material in three-way catalysts. —Machida et al. —Professor Machida. Machida, M.; Hinokuma, S.; Shinozaki, O.

Convert

Convert Conversion Exhaust Gasoline

Researchers develop effective exhaust catalyst for lower temperature exhaust

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2017

To improve fuel efficiency, advanced combustion engines are being designed to minimize the amount of waste heat in the exhaust. As a result, future generations of exhaust after-treatment catalysts must perform at temperatures that are 100 °C lower than current catalysts. —Nie et al. Resources.

Exhaust

Exhaust New Mexico Mexico Washington

Calls for an international 48V electrical standard for vehicles; looming WLTP implementation

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2014

The EU goal is to introduce the WLTP by 2017 if possible and no later than 2020 to coincide with the 95 g/km requirement. the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP). Low voltage hybridization on the other hand, for a new class of 48V hybrid vehicle, provides an affordable compromise between efficiency and cost.

Standards

Standards International Vehicles Hybrid

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

The study, by a team of researchers from Carnegie Mellon University, University of Georgia, Aerodyne Research, California Air Resources Board (ARB), Ohio State University, UC Berkeley, and UC San Diego is published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. Credit: ACS, Saliba et al. Click to enlarge. May, Greg T.

Fleet

Fleet Engine Global Fuel Economy

Purdue, Notre Dame, Cummins discovery could lead to new SCR catalyst design for improved NOx control

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 18, 2017

Researchers at Purdue University, the University of Notre Dame and Cummins have discovered a new reaction mechanism that could be used to improve SCR catalyst designs for pollution-control systems to further reduce emissions of smog-causing nitrogen oxides in diesel exhaust. —William Schneider, the H.

Li-ion

Li-ion Design Exhaust F-150

ICCT study finds real-world NOx emissions from Euro 6 diesels ~7x higher than Euro 6 regulatory levels

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2014

The study is based on on-road tests of 15 vehicles—12 certified to the Euro 6 standard and three to the US equivalent (Tier 2 Bin 5) using Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS), which provide a continuous stream of vehicle data signals including emission rates, velocity, acceleration, road gradient and exhaust temperature.

Diesel

Diesel Emissions West Virginia 2014

Study finds vehicles more important source of urban atmospheric ammonia than farms

Green Car Congress

MARCH 31, 2017

Vehicle tailpipes are a more important source of ammonia’s contribution to urban air pollution than is agriculture, according to a study by researchers from the US and China. The presence of NH 3 in vehicle exhaust greatly enhances the formation and growth of secondary inorganic aerosols. Wallace and Hu Jun Leong of Rice University; M.

Vehicles

Vehicles Emissions Houston Universal

Study finds POMDME-diesel blends cut soot up to 34% with no NOx increase

Green Car Congress

MAY 31, 2017

The team examined blends of 5% and 10% POMDME in diesel in a single-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine to gain an overview of the blend’s impact on engine performance and exhaust emissions. In order to achieve a reduction in pollutants, several methodologies and measures have been adopted by legislators, academia and industry. . …

Diesel

Diesel Exhaust Emissions Fuel

EV Driven

Study finds that replacing older, highly polluting school buses could lead to 1.3 million fewer daily absences annually

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

Researchers show mechanism by which diesel exhaust particles trigger respiratory “flare-ups”

China study connects ozone pollution to cardiovascular health

Lancet Commission report estimates pollution responsible for 9 million premature deaths globally in 2015; 16% of deaths

Study finds in-car rush-hour exposure to some particulate pollution twice as high as previously thought

Two new studies of road air pollution in London find detrimental effects on over-60s and unborn babies

Swiss team concludes that particulate filters should be mandatory for GDI engines

Study finds “markedly” high levels of diesel exhaust present in commuter trains powered by locomotives in pull-mode

Hydrogen Opposed Piston Engine Working Group formed

CMU study finds SOA levels in cities like LA will remain high despite cleaner cars; nonlinear relationship between SOA and NOx

New nanostructured earth abundant metal catalysts rival platinum on a weight basis; diesel emissions treatment

Economists propose use of dynamic road fees for traffic control

NREL announces $18M investment in 9 new projects to advance medium- and heavy-duty natural gas vehicle technologies

Study finds air quality models significantly underestimate traffic as source of NOx in Europe

Study finds catalyzed gasoline particulate filters effective at reducing particulate and PAH emissions from GDI engines

New composite reduces rare earth element usage in three-way catalytic converters

Researchers develop effective exhaust catalyst for lower temperature exhaust

Calls for an international 48V electrical standard for vehicles; looming WLTP implementation

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Purdue, Notre Dame, Cummins discovery could lead to new SCR catalyst design for improved NOx control

ICCT study finds real-world NOx emissions from Euro 6 diesels ~7x higher than Euro 6 regulatory levels

Study finds vehicles more important source of urban atmospheric ammonia than farms

Study finds POMDME-diesel blends cut soot up to 34% with no NOx increase

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