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EU project HyFlexFuel converted sewage sludge and other biomasses into kerosene by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL); SAF

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For the future, it will be important to commercialize advanced biofuel conversion technologies, which utilize a broader and more sustainable feedstock base. Cost-effectiveness: It can produce advanced biofuels, from marine fuels to kerosene, potentially at lower cost than most competing renewable fuel pathways.

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MIT, Scripps study examines behavior of midwater sediment plumes from deep-sea nodule mining

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The midwater plume comprises two stages: (i) the dynamic plume, in which the sediment-laden discharge water rapidly descends and dilutes to a neutral buoyancy depth, and (ii) the subsequent ambient plume that is advected by the ocean current and subject to background turbulence and settling. —Thomas Peacock. So you reach a balance.

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ExxonMobil to invest >$1B in Antwerp refinery to convert heavy, higher sulfur residual oil into diesel, other products

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ExxonMobil affiliate Esso Belgium, a division of ExxonMobil Petroleum & Chemical B.V.B.A., plans to invest more than $1 billion to install a new delayed coker unit at its Antwerp refinery to convert heavy, higher sulfur residual oils into transportation fuels products such as marine gasoil and diesel fuel.

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