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Belfer Center report calls for policymakers to begin taking steps to change policies for funding US transportation infrastructure

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users pay for the construction and maintenance of roads via a federal fuel tax. Revenues from the tax go into the federal Highway Trust Fund, which is independent of the General Fund; every five years or so Congress passes an authorization bill to allocate these revenues. —Huang et al.

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Congressional Budget Office estimates US federal policies promoting EVs and other fuel-efficient vehicles will cost $7.5B through 2019; little or no impact on gasoline use and GHG in the short term

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Tax credits and gasoline prices necessary for various electric vehicles to be cost-competitive with conventional vehicles at 2011 vehicle prices. The electric vehicles that are the focus of this study fall into two broad classes: plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and battery-electric vehicles. Source: CBO.

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New Zealand simplifies Road User Charges system, extends exemption for light electric motor vehicles from 2013 to 2020

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In New Zealand, diesel and electric-powered vehicles pay for their road use through road user charges. Since some 36% of diesel is used off-road, such as on farms, by manufacturing, industrial and commercial ventures, and boats, a fuel tax for road use would impose an unfair burden onto these sectors, the government says.).

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Belfer Center Study Concludes Reducing Car and Truck GHG Emissions Will Require Substantially Higher Fuel Prices; Income Tax Credits for Advanced Alt Fuel Vehicles Are Essentially Ineffective at Reducing Sector Emissions

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The study— Analysis of Policies to Reduce Oil Consumption and Greenhouse-Gas Emissions from the US Transportation Sector —finds that reducing CO 2 emissions from the transportation sector 14% below 2005 levels by 2020 may require fuel prices above $8/gallon by 2020. —Morrow et al.

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MIT Energy Initiative report on transforming the US transportation system by 2050 to address climate challenges

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Average on-road fuel consumptions (tank to wheels) of the different propulsion systems in an average light-duty vehicle: 2010, 2030, and 2050. Values normalized to standard naturally-aspirated gasoline engine vehicle. Includes vehicle weight reduction: at constant acceleration capability.

MIT 150