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Toyota to pay $180M penalty for Clean Air Act reporting violations

Green Car Congress

In 2003, 2004, and 2005, as part of an annual review, Toyota submitted its May 2002 process in writing to EPA as an overview of its EDIR reporting program. Toyota noted internally that EPA seemed pleased with this approach, which EPA had described as “more stringent than California.” Toyota’s Conduct from Approximately 2005 to 2015.

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BMW unveils production i8 plug-in hybrid; 94 mpg; on sale in US in 2014 priced from $135,925

Green Car Congress

The high-voltage system is designed to cope with accidents beyond the legal requirements, with the high-voltage battery including features that ensure its safe reaction even in situations such as this. These methods have been in use successfully in BMW workshops since 2003. Any authorized BMW i dealer can repair the outer skin.

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How to Get a Plug-In Hybrid

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

The easiest conversions are for 2004-2008 Prius (not 2001-2003 Prius) and the Ford Escape/Mercury Mariner Hybrid. As for warranties , there is legal precedent that original auto warranties cannot be voided completely by modifications — only the part(s) affected by retrofit will have their warranties affected.

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CalCars and PHEVs Frequently Asked Questions

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

Despite this, a 2003 EPRI study , assuming only $2/gallon gas , zero buying incentives, and a PHEV premium of $3-$5,000 more than standard hybrids, shows that the total lifetime cost of ownership for a PHEV will be lower than that of any other vehicle type -- so the payback will be there. Power and Associates 2004 report ].

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