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U Calgary study finds oil shale most energy intensive upgraded fuel followed by in-situ-produced bitumen from oil sands

Green Car Congress

Taking this further, they estimated that the warming associated with the use of heavy oil amounts to this level of emissions could lead to about 0.002−0.009 °C increase in earth surface temperature, based on mid-21 st century carbon-climate response model estimates. By comparison, oil shale has NERs (or EROI) of 1.6−2.0

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IEA World Energy Outlook view on the transport sector to 2035; passenger car fleet doubling to almost 1.7B units, driving oil demand up to 99 mb/d; reconfirming the end of cheap oil

Green Car Congress

The Current Policies Scenario assumes no new policies are added to those in place as of mid-2011, and is used as a basis for comparison with the New POlicies Scenario. Where the alternative fuel cannot be used directly in existing oil distribution networks and applications, it requires the build-up of a dedicated infrastructure.

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