Life cycle analysis of three battery chemistries for PHEVs and BEVs; environmental impacts higher than expected
Green Car Congress
APRIL 21, 2011
Flow diagram of the battery system, defined by the functional unit of 50 MJ stored and delivered to the powertrain. They compiled a transparent life cycle inventory (LCI) in a component-wise manner for nickel metal hydride (NiMH), nickel cobalt manganese lithium-ion (NCM), and iron phosphate lithium-ion (LFP) batteries.
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