Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2009

Comparison of Fuel Consumption, Fun to Drive and System Cost of the different powertrain concepts. In testing on a BMW demo 3-Series vehicle, a 1.6-liter The clutch module contains a second clutch, currently not activated, which can disconnect the combustion engine from the drive train to enable electric-only driving in a future phase.

Hybrid 150

Hybrid Concept Downsizing Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 18, 2010

As a point of comparison, the US EPA’s proposed national CO 2 emissions standards for light-duty vehicles under section 202 (a) of the Clean Air Act would require these vehicles to meet an estimated combined average emissions level of 250 grams/mile of CO 2 —155.26 g/km—in model year 2016. Frost & Sullivan analyst Hariher Balasubramanian.

2015 186

2015 Downsizing CO2 Sale 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2014

GDCI engine was significantly better than advanced production spark injection gasoline engines, and comparable to very efficient hybrid vehicle engines at their best efficiency conditions (214 g/kWh). This early work established that gasoline-like fuels with high resistance to autoignition are preferred for PPCI. Combustion stability.

Gasoline 304

Gasoline Engine Fuel Wisconsin 304

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2015

The PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), a subset of the electric car, combines a primary electric motor with a much smaller back-up engine fueled with a hydrocarbon/biofuel mix. (In In this paper PHEV refers solely to the long-range PHEV of 60 miles (100 km) electric-only range.) It is much more than that.

PHEV 150

PHEV Plug-in Renewable Energy 150