Alcohol Blend Engine Fuel Economy United States 
Green Car Congress
JUNE 28, 2019
Ten blendstocks from four chemical familes with the greatest potential to increase boosted SI engine efficiency (as determined by merit function scores). Co-Optima research and analysis identified the fuel properties needed for optimal operation of boosted SI LD engines through development of a merit function. Source: DOE.
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 30, 2009
The Brazilian experience shows that the presence of small (<10%) amounts of water in the fuel does not in itself cause a greater tendency to misfire in spark ignition engines than a proportionate leaning of the fuel/air mixture would do, provided that the vapor pressure of the hydrated ethanol at the ambient temperature is high enough.
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