Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2009

A study by engineers from Mahle Powertrain Ltd and BP found strong synergy between spark ignition (SI) engine downsizing and fuel containing low-to-moderate amounts of alcohol, including ethanol and butanol. A Study of Gasoline-Alcohol Blended Fuels in an Advanced Turbocharged DISI Engine. ( Cairns et al.

Alcohol Blend 186

Alcohol Blend Downsizing Engine Fuel 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

Their results showed that in comparison with gasoline mode, CO emitted in methanol mode decreased 11.2%. cited one study showing that the full lifecycle (well-to-wheel) CO 2 emissions from M85 (with coal-derived methanol) are 2.5 —Wang et al. There were no evident changes of THC and NO x emissions. —Chen et al. Sileghem, L.,

Renewable 150

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

d) further provides for alcohol blends as follows: Special provisions for alcohol blends. (1) For hydrous ethanol blends, this is accomplished primarily through the total heat of vaporization resulting from combining ethanol and water. As used in this section and Sec. 40 CFR § 80.27(d)

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317