Green Car Congress

APRIL 25, 2009

Bi-polar lead-acid batteries approach the storage densities of NiMH, but at lower cost. Since current can pass only through the end electrodes, it flows perpendicular to all electrode surfaces at uniform current density and the active materials will be efficiently utilized with a minimum of internal resistance. Source: Atraverda.

Lead Acid 150

Lead Acid Universal Electric Vehicles Batteries 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 12, 2012

Ford had earlier developed a NiMH battery model for use in KLTs, as detailed in a 2010 paper by a Ford team (Yang et al. published in the International Journal of Energy Research. The company offered a limited release of the Ranger EV in 1998, the Escape Hybrid in 2004 and the Fusion Hybrid in 2009.

Li-ion 281

Li-ion Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries Battery 281

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

We Promote PHEV Conversion Programs: First CalCars in 2004, then a number of aftermarket companies, have converted over 200 cars — at first most were for fleets, but more and more are going to individual owners. The easiest conversions are for 2004-2008 Prius (not 2001-2003 Prius) and the Ford Escape/Mercury Mariner Hybrid.

Plug-in 41

Plug-in Plug Hybrid Nickel Metal Hydride 41

Plugs and Cars

OCTOBER 27, 2007

Paradox 1 - Soot: There's an apparent emissions paradox with plug-in hybrids (PHEV): Driving longer distances on battery power means more cold starts as the internal combustion engine (ICE) stops and starts up again after the batteries deplete. UPDATE: Felix Kramer of Calcars informs me that the vacuum bottle is standard on 2004-2008 Prius.)

Plug-in 100

Plug-in Plug Prius Highlander 100

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

The comparison keeps being raised, though studies are conclusive: The "well-to-wheel" emissions of electric vehicles are lower than those from gasoline internal combustion vehicles. A PHEV with only a 20-mile all-electric range is 62% lower (see printed page 95 in the 2004 study ).

Plug-in 61

Plug-in Plugin Plug Hybrid 61

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

Power and Associates 2004 report ]. While other national and international organizations have been supportive at government hearings, they havent yet begun to advocate for PHEVs. Lithium-Ion batteries share many characteristics with NiMH. Car and Driver s Patrick Bedard writes amusingly but tellingly about this issue.

PHEV 37

PHEV Nickel Metal Hydride Prius EPRI 37

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

CalCars PRIUS+/Ron Gremban, Fall 2004 Ron Gremban, CalCars team; initially with EnergyCS technology (not used in redesigned conversion) Marin County, CA info@calcars.org 2. by EAA-PHEV with Nilar NiMH batteries, May 2007 (Centennial, CO) contact: info@nilar.com Small photo. Please send it to webmaster@calcars.org. View full size photo.

Prius 48

Prius Conversion Plug-in Plug 48