Green Car Congress

APRIL 25, 2009

Bi-polar lead-acid batteries approach the storage densities of NiMH, but at lower cost. Keith Ellis, Andrew Hill, John Hill, Andrew Loyns and Tom Partington (2004) The performance of Ebonex electrodes in bipolar lead-acid batteries. Hill (2005) Bipolar batteries based on Ebonex technology. Source: Atraverda. Click to enlarge.

Lead Acid 150

Lead Acid Universal Electric Vehicles Batteries 150

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

Several dozen prototypes on 15-passenger van since 2004; now in second generation development; no production plans. 2010 Prius designed to be manufactured with NiMH or Lithium batteries. The Omori factory currently produces NiMH cells. Daimler/Mercedes Took over Daimler/Chrysler Sprinter PHEV program.

Plug-in 45

Plug-in Plug Hybrid PHEV 45

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

CalCars PRIUS+/Ron Gremban, Fall 2004 Ron Gremban, CalCars team; initially with EnergyCS technology (not used in redesigned conversion) Marin County, CA info@calcars.org 2. EnergyCS, March 2005 Greg Hanssen, Pete Nortman and team Los Angeles County, CA info@energycs.com 3. Please send it to webmaster@calcars.org. Full-size photo.

Prius 48

Prius Conversion Plug-in Plug 48

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

Power and Associates 2004 report ]. For more on plug-in hybrids and V2G, see CalCars Resources , University of Delaware V2G Research Center , and papers from a June 2005 conference in Seattle. Lithium-Ion batteries share many characteristics with NiMH. What do environmental groups think of PHEVs? What about battery safety?

PHEV 37

PHEV Nickel Metal Hydride Prius EPRI 37