2003 California Escape Power Grid 
Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven
APRIL 21, 2009
Power and Associates 2004 report ]. Despite this, a 2003 EPRI study , assuming only $2/gallon gas , zero buying incentives, and a PHEV premium of $3-$5,000 more than standard hybrids, shows that the total lifetime cost of ownership for a PHEV will be lower than that of any other vehicle type -- so the payback will be there.
Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven
APRIL 21, 2009
Ford Escape PHEV-40 around 2012. Small long-term evaluation program, including modeling of vehicle-to-grid building benefits and economics, begun with Southern California Edison, joined by EPRI, other utilities, US DOE. First Escape PHEV delivered to SCE Nov 2007; 20 in 2008-2009. Establishing dealer network.
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