2003 2004 California Escape 
Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven
APRIL 21, 2009
Conversions are mostly for the Prius, with a few for the Ford Escape/Mercury Mariner hybrid SUVs. We Promote PHEV Conversion Programs: First CalCars in 2004, then a number of aftermarket companies, have converted over 200 cars — at first most were for fleets, but more and more are going to individual owners.
Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven
APRIL 21, 2009
We are also working (with our for-profit integration partners) to offer installed "conversions," first for Toyota Prius, probably followed by Ford Escape and other forthcoming hybrids. PRIUS+ can demonstrate driver interest in PHEVs. Our goal is to encourage Toyota and other automakers to supply the market for PHEVs.
Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven
APRIL 21, 2009
Below is a chronology of hybrid Toyota Priuses and Ford Escapes that have been converted. CalCars PRIUS+/Ron Gremban, Fall 2004 Ron Gremban, CalCars team; initially with EnergyCS technology (not used in redesigned conversion) Marin County, CA info@calcars.org 2. Unless otherwise noted, all are Prius. 2006 (Denver CO) Veridian Corp.
Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven
APRIL 21, 2009
Power and Associates 2004 report ]. Despite this, a 2003 EPRI study , assuming only $2/gallon gas , zero buying incentives, and a PHEV premium of $3-$5,000 more than standard hybrids, shows that the total lifetime cost of ownership for a PHEV will be lower than that of any other vehicle type -- so the payback will be there.
Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven
APRIL 21, 2009
Several dozen prototypes on 15-passenger van since 2004; now in second generation development; no production plans. Ford Escape PHEV-40 around 2012. Small long-term evaluation program, including modeling of vehicle-to-grid building benefits and economics, begun with Southern California Edison, joined by EPRI, other utilities, US DOE.
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