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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

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published in the ACS journal Chemical Reviews , reviews in detail four stationary storage systems considered the most promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage: vanadium redox flow; sodium-beta alumina membrane; lithium-ion; and lead-carbon batteries. Single-cell and tubular design of a Na-beta battery.

Li-ion 231
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OSU smart membrane could enable new category of high-energy, high-power energy storage for EVs

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It should be noted that the projected technology roadmap for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries lacks a practical solution to design batteries with high GED, SP and 100 s of MPM (as is typical of internal combustion engine powered vehicles). plugin EVs to Tesla’s 85 kWh battery pack). —Herya and Sundaresan.