Birmingham study finds butanol-gasoline blend reduces GDI engine-out carbonaceous emissions; similar NOx
Green Car Congress
SEPTEMBER 3, 2017
viscosity and heat of vaporization) resulted in a negative impact on carbon monoxide emissions at low load due to combustion inefficiencies. The engine was operated at stoichiometric conditions where the oxygen concentration was controlled by a Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen (HEGO) sensor. At low loads, butanol’s physical properties (e.g.
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