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Pike Research forecasts worldwide grid energy storage spending to reach $22B by 2021, down from 2010 forecast of $35B

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For the long-duration segment of the energy storage market, pumped hydro storage and advanced flow batteries will represent the largest portions of the total revenue opportunity during the next decade. 2010 vs 2011 forecasts. Balancing Li-ion capacity with market opportunities. —Energy Storage on the Grid (2011).

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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

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published in the ACS journal Chemical Reviews , reviews in detail four stationary storage systems considered the most promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage: vanadium redox flow; sodium-beta alumina membrane; lithium-ion; and lead-carbon batteries. Single-cell and tubular design of a Na-beta battery.

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PNNL team develops sodium-manganese oxide electrodes for sodium-ion rechargeable batteries

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low-cost Na-ion battery system for upcoming power and energy. low-cost Na-ion battery system for upcoming power and energy. Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries perform well, but are too expensive for widespread use on the grid. Sodium-ion batteries have been discussed in the literature.

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