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GM to Debut Two-Mode Plug-in Hybrid Technology in New Buick Crossover in 2011; LG Chem to Supply the Li-ion Cells

BuickPlugInHybridBattery
The 8 kWh battery pack for the new 2011 Buick PHEV crossover vehicle is prepared for testing at the General Motors Tech Center in Warren, Michigan. (Photo by Jeffrey Sauger for GM) Click to enlarge.

General Motors will debut its two-mode plug-in hybrid technology—originally intended to appear first in a Saturn VUE, prior to that brand’s sale—in a new Buick crossover vehicle in 2011. Tom Stephens, GM vice chairman of product development, made the announcement during the Management Briefing Seminars in Traverse City, Michigan. In early testing, the plug-in hybrid is capable of electric-only propulsion for more than 10 miles at low speeds.

The yet-to-be-named Buick crossover will launch in late 2010, offering a family of fuel-efficient direct-injected gasoline engines, followed in 2011 by the plug-in hybrid (PHEV) model. The new five-passenger crossover will build on the success GM has had with the Buick Enclave.

Some customers who have been drawn to the Enclave were looking for something a little smaller, but they didn’t want to give up craftsmanship or a quiet ride to get there. We believe this new Buick will excite those customers, and will continue to broaden the appeal of the brand.

—Susan Docherty, general manager of Buick-Pontiac-GMC

X09SV_BU001
Glimpse of the new crossover. Source: GM Click to enlarge.

The conventional version of the Buick crossover will be powered by an Ecotec 2.4L direct-injected four-cylinder engine with an optional 3.0L direct-injected V-6, and is expected to deliver 30 mpg or more on the highway. GM will announce final fuel economy estimates, as well as additional vehicle details such as name and pricing, later.

The plug-in hybrid version of the Buick crossover will combine a modified version of GM’s 2-Mode Hybrid system; advanced lithium-ion battery cells and charging technology developed for GM’s Voltec system, which will debut in the Chevrolet Volt extended-range electric vehicle in late 2010; and an efficient direct-injected 3.6L V-6 flex-fuel engine.

2modefwd2
General Motors 2MT70 FWD two-mode hybrid transaxle, as seen from engine side. Click to enlarge.

GM engineers presented the front-wheel-drive (FWD) iteration of their two-mode hybrid transaxle, termed the 2MT70, at SAE World Congress 2009 in April. (Earlier post.)

GM has selected LG Chem—the supplier of the cells for the Volt—also to supply the Li-ion cells for the new Buick PHEV, Stephens said. The Buick plug-in hybrid will use the same manganese-spinel based chemistry and polymer battery cells as the Volt. The 8 kWh battery—half the capacity of the Volt pack—will be packaged in a rectangular-shaped box under the cargo floor. The lithium-ion battery can be fully recharged in four to five hours with a standard 110V household electrical outlet.

On the road, GM’s 2-Mode plug-in hybrid system can use any combination of electric or gasoline engine power to move the vehicle, depending on the driving conditions. This differs from GM’s Voltec technology, which provides the Volt with up to 40 miles of emissions- and petroleum-free electric-only propulsion, and an overall range of more than 300 miles with its flex-fuel engine-generator.

GM expects the Buick plug-in hybrid to be the first commercially available plug-in hybrid SUV produced by a major automaker.

Comments

HarveyD

Will renaming the Saturn VUS and give it a Buick name fool many?

Will it be a better vehicles?

Will it be built in China or USA?

danm

While not impressive, with only 10 miles electric drive, it's great to see a major manufacturer delivering a plug-in into the market place.
This will only speed the arrival of better vehicles.

Will S

They still don't get it. Putting polish on a fuel-inefficient crossover does not make it a highly fuel-efficient vehicle, which is what they will need. They are stuck on "it's got to be at least somewhat big".
Why not even a midsize car? As oil prices go up, we'll be left holding the bag of loans to them when their vehicles stop selling AGAIN.

Sirkulat

GM's 2-mode hybrid technology is an important advancement. Larger and heavier vehicles require an appropriate hybrid drivetrain. An application to mass transit vehicles is needed as well. It's not nearly adequate to produce electric and hybrid/electric mini-cars alone. A zero-emission battery power driving range of 10 miles is perfect, except for those who think driving like there's no tomorrow is sensible.

alpha1847

Will, your generalization about crossovers doesn't make much sense. The same crossover in the form of the 2010 Equinox results in nearly the same fuel economy with the 4-cylinder (22/32) as GM's midsize Malibu with the 4-cylinder.

I think GM has it right - this technology is optimal for people who do frequent, short jaunts around town. Such people tend to prefer crossovers over sedans. This is hitting the target market quite well.

Also, I haven't seen anything that GM said that would indicate they would not eventually roll this into their sedans. My guess is that this is just the first application of many.

Reel$$

Harvey,

Despite the happy PR - GM won't be making much in China as long as their bribery policy remains in place. It's mob rule in Chinese business and savvy investors are not falling for a market that takes money, reneges on contracts and expects paper bags of cash for the privilege.

http://www.cbc.ca/news/viewpoint/vp_metz/20080314.html

Stan Peterson

Harvey,

What's to fool? If you mean its "badge engineering", there is NO Saturn Vue PHEV for sale, and never has been. The SAturn Vues we have seen are mo differnt than any ohte rconcept ca ron the auto show circuit. They alll change considertely, when or if they come to market. If the drivetrain appears in a Buick fine.

Better than not showing up at all.

Any engineer will tell you that certain drive-trains fit different classes of vehicles better or worse. With the cost of batteries exorbitant for now, larger vehicles need a different approach from the Volt EREV.

I welcome the appearance of the first production PHEV by a mass manufacturer. And welcome even more, the introduction of an advanced hybrid technology in FWD vehicles. Toyota's HSD is not the only or final approach, as Ford has shown; and the dual mode approach is an improved version overcoming an inherent design limitation in HSD's design.

You are apparently so committed to disparaging any other effort than Toyota's, that you should take a step back and dispassionately look at yourself. We are all seeking advances in Ground Transport that also steps forward in minimizing fossil usage, for economics and national security; even as we may differ on the scientific need for trace gas CO2 reduction, or urgency to do anything about it now, and not simply let technology solve any such problem automatically in a decade or two.

HarveyD

Reel$$:

Savy investor W.B. did very well with BYD-China netting a cool $1+B in less than 6 months with an investment one quarter that size. He may double is profit again in the next 12 months at the rate BYD is going up.

GM China is also doing very well with Buick. I effectively used those Buicks on my last trip to China and they look OK to me. Extremely clean cars, excellent prof. polite drivers + very quiet & reliable rides. Buick sales in China are still going up. A two-mode Hybrid Crossover, if as reliable, may do well in China too.

The going price for a Chinese made Buick seems to be close to 100K (in local currency. This seems to be under 25K USD at the official exchange rate.

HarveyD

Stan:

Many car manufacturers in China and India will probably compete with Toyota (and other current majors) in the coming years, specially for (peoples's) affordable electrified vehicles.

Those two countries can build common sense under $10K BEVs while we could not even build the batteries for that price.

Let's hope that with over $1000+B in direct and indirect subsidies, our local industries will start mass producing more efficient electrified vehicles. Will they be competitive 3 or 5 years latter or will they need more $$$B every 5 years, that remains to be seen.

Will S

Alpha wrote;
"Will, your generalization about crossovers doesn't make much sense. The same crossover in the form of the 2010 Equinox results in nearly the same fuel economy with the 4-cylinder (22/32) as GM's midsize Malibu with the 4-cylinder."

Several points here;

1. The standard Equinox will come with the 2.4 or 3.0 EcoTec engines. However, for the PHEV, they've bumped it up to a larger 3.6l engine, which is opposite of what most HEVs do. It would have been better to stick with one of the original engines.

2. How would the Equinox compare to the gas mileage of a Malibu with a 2.4 EcoTec engine in PHEV configuration? THAT'S the comparison to make.

GM is taking baby steps when others are making much greater strides. They need a high mileage champ, and they don't have it now. The Volt obtains 40mpg equivalent; Toyota and Honda (and others) are coming out with much higher mpg vehicles. The IEA announced that their previous rosy 3.7% depletion rate for existing oil fields was far too rosy and that it will be closer to 6.7%. Note that the IEA has been embarrassingly overoptimistic in the past, and now says we need to find 4 more Saudi Arabias worth of oil to keep up with oil field decline.

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/warning-oil-supplies-are-running-out-fast-1766585.html

http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,25889450-36281,00.html

Overindulgence should be a by-gone cultural artifact, not something to cling to. 32/22 highway/city mpg is a sorry joke.

Reel$$

Harvey:

W.B. is in BYD for three reasons: he likes principle Wang Chuan-Fu, his tech advisor B Gates recommended it, and Berkshire intends to insure China the way it insures the U.S. China will be buying a lot of insurance as it expands and that is what makes Berkshire so successful.

Never-the less, quick profits on consumer electronics batteries does not guarantee a leading position in automotive EV technology. And as the link points out, China is rife with graft, corruption, pollution and poor quality control - typical of emergent industrials. In the end it's good competition for the west to stay ahead of.

HarveyD

Reel$$

Correct me if I'm wrong but I thought that the only reason was the make money. If so, his objective was met very quickly.

Correct me if I'm wrong again but I thought the the bigest of the bigest white collar robberies were on this side of the pond... Enron, World Com, Madoff, 20+ major banks & finanacial instituitions, two of the Big-3, just to name a few. The total list would be a mile long and would total a few trillion dollars..

I wouldn't underestimate the economic potential of high efficiency e-storage units. With over one billion vehicles to be electrified and many more to come, it will be a major product for decades. I you include other uses, the total need will grow way beyond expectation. As each e-storage unit will progressively become smaller and lighter, shipping it across the world will not be a challenge, no more than current large LCDs.

BYD (and other similar manufacturers) located in areas where labour is very productive is still a good investment.

alpha1847

Will, I am not trying to pick apart everything you say here, but where did you get this from?

"The Volt obtains 40mpg equivalent"

Even if there was such a number released, which I doubt, that could only be the fuel economy while cruising in range extending mode. You are clearly not getting the point of the Volt if you are using that as the benchmark for that vehicle.

In any case, even the almighty Toyota has not produced a hybrid SUV or crossover with anything smaller than a V6 yet. Honda - still waiting on a hybrid crossover of any kind. Where are these great strides you speak of?

Lastly, displacement is not the sole determinant of fuel economy. We've seen both the Prius (1.5 to 1.8) and RX (3.3 to 3.5) upsize their engines AND increase their mileage, considerably so in the RX. Perhaps that extra displacement allows them to run an Atkinson cycle engine with cylinder deactivation? Why don't you wait until the numbers are you before you start throwing your barbs.

alpha1847

Will, one more point.

"How would the Equinox compare to the gas mileage of a Malibu with a 2.4 EcoTec engine in PHEV configuration? THAT'S the comparison to make."

Well, we don't have either available, so it's not a very useful comparison at this point. However, comparing two FWD vehicles with virtually the same powertrain, and seeing that the fuel economy is virtually identical leads one to believe that substituting the same PHEV powertrain into both would produce comparable results as well.

Will S

Alpha wrote;

"We've seen both the Prius (1.5 to 1.8) and RX (3.3 to 3.5) upsize their engines AND increase their mileage, considerably so in the RX."

I fail to see how a 3.6L EcoTec is going to get better gas mileage than a 2.4L EcoTec, especially in a hybrid configuration, where a larger engine is clearly more inefficient. This is a greenwash vehicle, pure and simple, much like the Hybrid Accord, though at least the hybrid version achieved slightly better mileage than the standard Accord.

The Volt 40 mpg equivalent is from a number of calculations. The battery bank is 16Kwh and the AT is set for 70% DoD, which is 10.6Kwh or 36168 BTUs. A vehicle obtaining 40 mpg will burn one gallon at roughly 30% efficiency. Since gasoline is about 115,000 BTU/gallon, at 30% efficiency, that's very close the the amount of energy the Volt is claimed to use in 40 miles.

The point is not simply 'get off gas', but 'use less energy overall', as we don't simply want to blacken the skies with more coal burning. And since the Prius gets 25% higher efficiency (50mpg), GM has to play catch up even before the Volt is released. Interestingly enough, they had a vehicle prototype that achieved 4 times the fuel economy that the Prius can now and could hit 60mph in under 7 seconds over 25 years ago. Ever hear of this vehicle?

alpha1847

Will, no one is saying that a 3.6L engine will consume less fuel than a 2.4L engine in a PHEV configuration. The point is that you are knocking the GM approach without any hard data, just basing it on one variable in the equation (engine size). Again, I don't think GM said they would refuse to use a smaller engine down the road. This product has been in development for years, so it was a decision made long ago - we don't know their reasons. In the end, we are getting a very fuel efficient option - one that we don't have now.

The best current comparison to disprove your notion is probably to look at Toyota's hybrid products. The '10 RX450h FWD with it's 3.5L engine and 4700lbs has a combined fuel economy rating of 30mpg, while their Camry hybrid with it's 2.4L engine and 3700lbs is rated at a marginally better 34mpg.

"The point is not simply 'get off gas', but 'use less energy overall'"

I couldn't disagree with you more. Yes, we must find a way to level off our total consumption, but the most immediate need is to find an alternative to foreign sourced petroleum. This isn't just an environmental issue.

Regarding your 40mpg calculation, I just don't see how that is a fair comparison. The total energy inputs to produce the 36168 BTUs of electricity that moves the Volt 40 miles would be far less than the energy inputs to produce the 115000 BTUS in gasoline that it would take to move an ordinary car 40 miles. Even if that electricity was produced from the dirtiest coal, studies have shown that the total well-to-wheels emissions are lower using the EV path.

Stan Peterson

Why do y'all assume that electricity comes only from dirty coal. The US electric supply is amazingly clean and only the "unintended Consequences" of the NO Nukes idiots, keep a lot of the dirtiest coal plants still running.

But perfected Gen III+ LWR reactors are now available, forced by principled nuclear critics. Many are being ordered, and are in the early stages of construction that will double the clean nuclear generation from 20% to 40% of the electric generation mix in a mere 8 or 9 years from today.

Most of that displaced generation will be the extremely old and dirty coal plants, that were supposed to be retired in the 1980s, but remained on-line as their replacements were canceled. So an out-sized amount of toxic cleanup will occur in the electric generation mix in that time frame.

Provided of course that ham-handed Clueless doesn't screw it up like he almost did thoughtlessly, simply to get a handful of NIMBY votes for Harry Reid in the next election...

alpha1847

"Why do y'all assume that electricity comes only from dirty coal"

I definitely do not. I was just trying to preemptively paint the worst-case scenario, knowing Will would otherwise pick that apart.

sulleny

"The point is not simply 'get off gas', but 'use less energy overall..."

Initially the point is exactly to get off gas. Since that's where we send $700B annually for foreign oil. Cleaning up the grid is a second step since there's plenty of untapped energy at night to charge EVs.

And as Stan points out the energy portfolio going forward is going to need new nuke technology.

SJC

The Highlander and Lexus SUV hybrids showed that the market will buy SUV V6 hybrids. The Honda Accord hybrid V6 did not sell well and was discontinued. People may want to tow with a hybrid SUV and perceive that a four cylinder may not be up to the task.

HarveyD

Could we buy cars and rent a tow truck whenever its needed? If we do, couldn't we remove millions of unjustified 3 to 4 tonnes gas guzzler tow trucks from our streets, roads and highways?

Overpowered (V-6 or V8) HEV sedans are not really justified (except for tow trucks-combo) and not selling that well. The main objective for HEVs is to reduce fuel consumption not to increase performance or weight.

Roger Pham

Make a two-mode (parallel hybrid) with a 1.5 liter engine with a 8 kwh battery and stick in the re-designed Volt, and sell it for $25k, due to the reduction in cost of electrical components and battery size, and the Volt will rock, or should I say, shock its competitors! May be GM will heed my same advise 2 years ago, afterall?

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