CN EV Post

MARCH 31, 2024

As the economies of scale disappear for ICE, so too will they disappear for hybrids that depend on the existence of ICE. Swapping out CO2 for other toxins like ozone and nitrogen oxides is not a solution. As a BYD investor, I'm upset to see them waste so much money on dead technologies like PHEVs/EREVs.

BYD 82

BYD Ozone Hybrid Waste 82

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 27, 2020

Pollution-related losses could impede India’s aspiration to be a $5-trillion economy by 2024, the researchers concluded. Successful reduction of air pollution in India would lead to substantial benefits for both the health of the population and the economy.”. and that due to ambient ozone pollution increased by 139.2%.

Pollution 321

Pollution India 2019 Boston 321

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 15, 2021

San Bernardino, home to much of Southern California’s trucking and warehouse infrastructure, had 130 bad air days for ozone pollution in 2020. In the South Coast Air Basin, heavy duty vehicles such as trucks contribute 32% of mobile source nitrogen oxide emissions that react in the atmosphere to form ozone and particulate matter.

Los Angeles 186

Los Angeles Ozone Pollution Phoenix 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2019

and tropospheric ozone. Ozone accounted for about 472,000 early deaths in 2017. The growing burden of disease from air pollution is among the major challenges facing national governments and public health officials, with far-reaching implications for national economies and human well-being. Ambient PM 2.5 accounted for 2.9

Pollution 273

Pollution Ozone 2017 2019 273

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2019

Freight transportation is a pillar of the US national economy, but while long-haul trucks account for less than 6% of the vehicle miles traveled over US highways, they account for about 40% of the emissions of air polluting particulate matter and about 55% of nitrogen oxides, the precursor to ozone in the atmosphere, the study said.

Emissions 286

Emissions Diesel Ozone United States 286

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 7, 2019

related damages, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University and Stanford have found that, US-economy-wide, gross external damage (GED) due to premature mortality has decreased by more than 20% from 2008 to 2014. We do not include damages from morbidity or other pollutants such as exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO x ) or ozone.

2008 223

2008 2014 Pollution Economy 223

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2020

Particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and ground-level ozone (O 3 ) cause the most harm and lead to about 400,000 early deaths annually. Governments should have tackled chronic air pollution long ago, but have prioritized the economy over health by going soft on the auto industry.

Pollution 269

Pollution Clean Cleaning Italy 269

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2019

These reductions have occurred while California’s economy has continued to grow. while the carbon intensity of its economy declined by 4.5%. Compared to 2016, California’s GDP grew 3.6% Trends in California GHG Emissions. Changes in emissions by Scoping Plan sector between 2000 and 2017.

2017 230

2017 2016 Transportation Emissions 230

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 18, 2020

The Northwestern team, with colleagues from Boston University and the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in Princeton combined climate modeling with public health data to evaluate the impact of electric vehicles on US lives and the economy. Results show that in more aggressive scenarios—i.e.,

Climate Change 261

Climate Change Pollution Climate 2014 261

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2020

The California Air Resources Board released GHG emissions data for 2018 showing that emissions remain below 1990 levels but are effectively flat compared to 2017, while the economy grew by 4.3%. Per capita GHG emissions in California have dropped from a 2001 peak of 14.0 tons per person to 10.7 tons per person in 2018, a 24% decrease.

2020 221

2020 California Emissions 2018 221

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2014

However, these approaches increase the backpressure, reducing horsepower and fuel economy. However this approach can increase backpressure, reducing horsepower and fuel economy. Traditional solutions involve adding an activated carbon honeycomb or filter to the air intake box to adsorb the hydrocarbons.

Emissions 207

Emissions Fuel Economy Ozone Conversion 207

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2016

Costs per gram per kilometer of CO 2 e reduced are attractive for all three alternatives relative to the cost of the engine technology package expected to be employed for fuel economy compliance in China. These were shown to be ozone-depleting, however, and were targeted for phasing out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol.

China 150

China Ozone Chinese United States 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2014

At the other end of the spectrum, a transportation policy with rigid fuel-economy requirements is the most expensive policy, costing more than $1 trillion in 2006 dollars, with health benefits recouping only a quarter of those costs. In 2011, 231 counties in the US exceeded the EPA’s regulatory standards for ozone, the main component of smog.

MIT 231

MIT Carbon Climate Climate Change 231

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2014

Compared to the 2010 “Business as Usual” scenario—which includes all adopted emission control measures for the South Coast—NO x levels must be reduced by 65% and by 75% to meet the 2023 and 2032 ozone standards, respectively. An 80% reduction of GHG emissions is targeted for 2050, relative to 1990 levels.

Climate 257

Climate Gas Emissions California 257

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2019

NO 2 is just one component of air pollution, which is made up of many pollutants (including particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide), which are known to have numerous adverse effects on health. NO 2 ’s contribution exceeded 20% in 92 cities located in both developed and emerging economies.

Pollution 360

Pollution United Arab Emirates South Korea Las Vegas 360

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2020

NO x is a precursor for both ground level ozone and secondary PM 2.5 A wide variety of technology options can be deployed on heavy-duty engines and vehicles to reduce engine-out NO x while improving fuel economy to reduce the total cost of ownership of trucks. —MECA Executive Director, Rasto Brezny.

Emissions 291

Emissions Diesel Engine 2010 291

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2013

This in turn could help provide a market incentive to increase ethanol use beyond E10 by overcoming the disincentive of lower fuel economy associated with increasing ethanol concentrations in fuel, and enhance the environmental performance of ethanol as a transportation fuel by using it to enable more fuel efficient engines. psi RVP and 7.8

EPA 255

EPA Fuel Parts Gasoline 255

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2010

used a climate model to analyze the effects of a wide range of chemical species, including carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, organic carbon, black carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ozone, from 13 sectors of the economy from 2000 to 2100. Unger et al. This process, called the semi-direct aerosol effect, has a warming impact.

Transportation 391

Transportation Climate Change Power Powered 391

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 31, 2017

WMO is also striving to improve weather and climate services for the renewable energy sector and to support the Green Economy and sustainable development. It also plays an important role in the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer which protects us from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. parts per billion.

2016 186

2016 Climate Climate Change 2015 186

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 12, 2016

More than half of deaths occur in two of the world’s fastest growing economies, China and India. of all global deaths) caused by outdoor fine particulate air pollution and an additional 215,000 deaths from exposure to ozone. New research shows that household (indoor) and outdoor air pollution contribute to more than 5.5

Pollution 150

Pollution Coal Asia India 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2017

Factoring in differences in fuel economy between the European and US car fleet, this would equate to about an order of magnitude more NO x emissions per travelled distance compared to newly introduced emission standards. … —Karl et al.

Europe 150

Europe Diesel Emissions Pollution 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

The developing and least-developed economies, 80% of the world’s population, accounted for 73% of the global growth of emissions in 2004. The hole in the ozone layer has had a cooling effect on Antarctica, and is partly responsible for masking expected warming on the continent. Global emissions were growing by 1.1%

Climate Change 259

Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone 259

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge. —Yang et al.

Gasoline 357

Gasoline Water Emissions Minnesota 357

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2010

Bolden said air travel is one of the safest modes of transportation and vital to the US economy, but increasing air traffic is taking a toll on the environment and the nation’s aviation infrastructure. said at the Green Aviation Summit under way through Thursday at NASA’s Ames Research Center.

Green 186

Green Future Chevron 2015 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 21, 2011

Cap-and-trade is another important building block in California’s effort to create a clean and vibrant economy. the destruction of existing stores of ozone-depleting substances in the U.S. The program is designed to provide covered entities the flexibility to seek out and implement the lowest-cost options to reduce emissions.

2012 218

2012 California Climate Change Climate 218

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2013

Ozone reduction in highly polluted urban areas generally requires reduction of the emissions of both NO x and organic compounds, the Ford team noted. Wallington (2013) “Ethanol and Air Quality: Influence of Fuel Ethanol Content on Emissions and Fuel Economy of Flexible Fuel Vehicles.” —Hubbard et al. —Hubbard et al.

Emissions 294

Emissions Ford Exhaust Engine 294

Green Charging

MARCH 15, 2021

As you probably know the automotive manufacture and retail sector is one of the UK economy’s key pillars. Global warming plays a role in thinning the ozone layer, thus permitting harmful rays’ penetration to the earth. That means that this market is a significant revenue stream for the government. Wrapping up.

Electric Vehicles 52

Electric Vehicles Vehicles Dealers Electric 52

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

The oil price shocks of the 1970s led the Brazilian government to address the strain high prices were placing on its fragile economy. 80.27, “high ozone season” means the period from June 1 to September 15 of any calendar year and “regulatory control period” means the period from May 1 to September 15 of any calendar year. 40 CFR § 80.27

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

JUNE 3, 2010

A large portion of missions growth is driven by HFCs, because demand for refrigeration and air conditioning is increasing and because HFCs are predominantly used as alternatives for ozone-depleting substances, which are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol. US Fifth Climate Action Report. Calls for rapid action on HFCs.

Climate 199

Climate 2020 Emissions Climate Change 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2009

Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. Rapeseed biodiesel as an example of the varied environmental impacts of a particular biofuel. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”. Click to enlarge.

Ozone 186

Ozone Water Emissions Oil 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 25, 2011

Development of sustainable communities strategies can also provide an opportunity for associated criteria pollutant emission reductions that will be needed to attain air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter as well as reduce near-roadway exposures.

Pollution 231

Pollution 2012 California 2013 231

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

Gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines have higher fuel economy compared to the more widely used port fuel injection (PFI) engines. We estimate ozone and SOA formation potential. Therefore, the secondary organic aerosol and ozone formation potential of the exhaust does not depend on engine technology. —Saliba et al.

Fleet 207

Fleet Engine Global Fuel Economy 207

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2015

In terms of fuel economy, the truck achieved 10.7 A second truck has doubled fuel economy from a 2009 baseline of 6.1 California’s and, potentially, EPA’s move toward further heavy-duty NO x reductions to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone will be critical. gallons/1,000 ton-miles. gallons/1,000 ton-miles.

MPG 150

MPG Miles 2009 Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2009

Mikhail Chester and Arpad Horvath inventoried on-road, rail, and air travel to determine energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions (excluding PM, lead, and ozone due to lack of data).

Light 150

Light Emissions Energy Boston 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2010

ARB staff reviewed four offset protocols and recommends that they be approved as part of this regulatory package: (1) the Urban Forest Projects Protocol; (2) the US Ozone Depleting Substances Projects Protocol; (3) the Livestock Manure (Digester) Projects Protocol; and (4) the US Forest Projects Protocol. Offset Protocols.

2015 210

2015 Transportation Fuel Emissions 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

The bill also directs the President to work with the relevant Federal agencies and California to harmonize, to the maximum extent possible, the federal fuel economy standards, any emission standards promulgated by EPA, and the California standards for light-duty vehicles. Transportation Efficiency. Ensuring Domestic Competitiveness.

Climate 186

Climate Standards Carbon California 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2012

By authorizing real, permanent offsets from farms, forests, and businesses that are not covered by cap-and-trade, we can reduce the costs of compliance with the program and encourage investments in sustainable practices throughout the California economy. Destruction of Ozone Depleting Substances. Urban forestry. Dairy manure digesters.

California 236

California Ozone 2013 Carbon 236