Economy, Gasoline and Standards

Study estimates fuel economy improvements to US light-duty vehicles from 1975–2018 saved 2T gallons of fuel, 17B tons of CO2

Green Car Congress

MAY 3, 2020

A team from the University of Tennessee and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has the fuel savings due to fuel economy improvements over the past 43 years amount to approximately two trillion gallons of gasoline. Estimated attribution of fuel savings due to fuel economy improvements to light-duty vehicles since 1975.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Light 2018

EIA: fuel economy standards drive down projected gasoline use; diesel use, product exports rise

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2014

In the US Energy Information Administration’s Annual Energy Outlook 2014 (AEO2014) Reference case, more-stringent vehicle fuel economy standards contribute to a decline in motor gasoline consumption through 2040. The Reference case projects an increase in VMT that, all else equal, would increase motor gasoline fuel consumption.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Gasoline Economy Standards

Gasoline consumption per capita in 2020 was on par with that in 1965

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 8, 2021

This analysis examines the effect of this downturn in driving on gasoline consumption (both total and per capita), and places the consumption in 2020 in a historical context. The results show that gasoline consumption per capita in 2020 was on par with that 55 years ago. Total consumption. Total consumption (millions of gallons).

2020

2020 Gasoline 2019 2000

Study finds GHG emissions from corn ethanol now 46% lower than gasoline

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2021

A new study by a team from Environmental Health & Engineering (EH&E) has found that greenhouse gas emissions from corn ethanol are 46% lower than those from gasoline—a decrease in emissions from the estimated 39% done by previous modeling. gCO 2 e/MJ) which is 46% lower than the average carbon intensity for neat gasoline.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Gas-Electric

MIT study finds fuel economy standards are 6-14 times less cost effective than fuel tax for reducing gasoline use

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 21, 2013

In a study published in the journal Energy Economics , MIT researchers have found that a fuel economy standard is at least six to fourteen times less cost effective than a fuel tax when targeting an identical reduction in cumulative gasoline use (20% by 2050).

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy MIT Fuel Tax Economy

Studies highlight effects of different gasoline components on fuel economy, combustion and emissions

Green Car Congress

APRIL 12, 2018

Researchers at Jilin University (China) have investigated the effect of gasoline components on fuel economy, combustion and emissions in a GDI (gasoline-direct-injection) engine. So far, there are few complete comparative studies about the effect of different components of gasoline on fuel economy.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Gasoline Economy Emissions

EPA finalizes greenhouse gas standards for LDVs MY 2023-2026

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 21, 2021

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is finalizing the federal greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions standards for passenger cars and light trucks for Model Years (MY) 2023 through 2026. EPA is planning to initiate a separate rulemaking to establish multi-pollutant emission standards under the Clean Air Act for MY 2027 and later.

EPA

EPA Standards Gas Pollution

New 2023 Toyota Sequoia full-size SUV comes standard with Hybrid i-FORCE MAX Powertrain

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 26, 2022

Fuel economy estimates are not available at this time, but Toyota expects it to be extremely competitive at the top of the segment—and a huge improvement over the previous generation (14 or 15 mpg US combined, for 4WD or 2WD models, respectively).

Toyota

Toyota SUV Standards Tundra

DOE proposes revising procedures for calculating petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of EVs for use in CAFE calculations

Green Car Congress

APRIL 12, 2023

The US Department of Energy (DOE) is proposing a significant revision in its procedures for calculating a value for the petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of EVs for use in the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program administered by the Department of Transportation (DOT). Background. Proposed PEF.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel 2000

NHTSA finalizes CAFE standards for Model Year 2024-2026; fleet average of 49 mpg by 2026

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2022

The US Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has finalized new Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards for MY 2024-2026. The new standards require an industry-wide fleet average of approximately 49 mpg for passenger cars and light trucks in model year 2026. Passenger Cars.

MPG

MPG Standards Fleet Fuel Economy

U Chicago study proposes market-based approach to fuel economy standards to deal with impacts of fuel price volatility

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 10, 2017

Volatile gasoline prices have caused some regulators and carmakers alike to question the cost and effectiveness of current fuel economy standards, with some arguing they are too stringent and others saying they should be even stronger. —Ryan Kellogg, summarizing his research.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Chicago Economy Standards

EIA: fuel economy improvements bring diminishing returns in fuel savings

Green Car Congress

JULY 15, 2014

Improving fuel economy exhibits diminishing returns in fuel savings, according to a brief analysis by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). Similarly, the fuel and cost savings of improving fuel economy from 12 mpg to 15 mpg are the same as increasing from 30 mpg to 60 mpg.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel MPG

EPA’s annual automotive trends report shows slight increase in fuel economy from MY2017 to MY2018

Green Car Congress

MARCH 3, 2020

In the US, Model Year (MY) 2018 vehicle fuel economy was 25.1 Since MY 2004, CO 2 emissions have decreased 23%, or 108 g/mi, and fuel economy has increased 30%, or 5.8 Average estimated real-world CO 2 emissions are projected to fall 6 g/mi to 346 g/mi and fuel economy is projected to increase 0.4 miles per gallon, 0.8%

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy 2004 Fuel

Japan Ministries propose light commercial vehicle fuel economy standards for 2022

Green Car Congress

APRIL 28, 2015

In a policy update, the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) reports that Japan’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) and Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) have finalized new proposed fuel economy standards for light- and medium-duty commercial vehicles with gross vehicle weights less than 3.5

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Japan Economy Light

2015 Ford F-150 offers highest EPA-estimated fuel economy among full-size gasoline-powered pickups

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2014

l/100 km, respectively)—the highest EPA-estimated fuel economy ratings of any gasoline-powered full-size pickup sold in America. liter EcoBoost with standard Auto Start-Stop; a new standard 3.5-liter The new 2015 Ford F-150 ( earlier post ) 4x2 with Ford’s 2.7-liter liter EcoBoost engine.

F-150

F-150 Fuel Economy EPA Economy

Groupe Renault creating first European factory dedicated to the circular economy of mobility in Flins

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2020

Groupe Renault is creating the REFACTORY in Flins, the first European circular economy site dedicated to mobility. It will be based on a wide network of partners from all sectors and will revolve around 4 poles of activity, putting into practice the principles of the circular economy at each stage of the vehicle life cycle and mobility.

Economy

Economy Re-Charge France Maintenance

Corning hits 1-million-unit milestone with gasoline particulate filter production

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2018

Corning Incorporated’s Environmental Technologies business reached a significant production milestone at its Kaiserslautern, Germany manufacturing facility with the production of its 1 millionth Corning DuraTrap GC gasoline particulate filter (GPF) for automotive emissions control.

Gasoline

Gasoline Production China Exhaust

Government of Québec launches $6.7B 2030 Green Economy Plan; emphasis on transportation electrification

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2020

The Premier of Québec François Legault, and the Minister of the Environment and the Fight against Climate Change and Minister responsible for the Laval region, Benoit Charette, unveiled the 2030 Green Economy Plan (PEV 2030) and its first 2021-2026 implementation plan, with an envelope of $6.7 billion over five years.

Transportation

Transportation Green Economy Climate Change

CARB releases results of multi-year E15 study; multiple air quality benefits with slight reduction in fuel economy

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2022

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released the results of a multiyear study evaluating exhaust emissions from the use of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) that contains 15 volume percent ethanol (E15). California currently limits the ethanol content of gasoline to 10 percent. SULEV30, ULEV50, ULEV70, and ULEV125).

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel Ozone

Blue Bird to begin production of updated propane and gasoline buses with Ford 7.3L V8 and ROUSH fuel system

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 25, 2021

This spring, Blue Bird will begin production of its propane and gasoline Vision school buses integrating Ford’s all-new 7.3L The advanced fuel system technology was developed by ROUSH CleanTech, the same company that has manufactured more than 30,000 propane and gasoline fuel systems for Blue Bird buses equipped with Ford’s 6.8L

Gasoline

Gasoline Fuel Production Fuel Economy

Setting New Standards for Clean Cars

Plug in America

OCTOBER 3, 2023

A normal vehicle releases several tons of pollutants each year, which depends on the vehicle’s fuel, fuel economy, and how far it is driven annually. federal government has worked on two programs in particular: EPA’s Light Duty Vehicle Emissions (LDV) Standards and NHTSA’s Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards.

Standards

Standards Clean Cleaning Fuel Economy

Obama Administration announces first fuel economy and GHG standards for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2011

US President Barack Obama announced fuel efficiency and greenhouse gas emission standards for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. Heavy-duty engines affected by the final standards are generally those that are installed in commercial medium- and heavy-duty trucks and buses. The standards will phase in to the 2017 levels shown in Table 1.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Standards Obama Economy

NREL study finds high-pressure hydrogen pipeline system could potentially make hydrogen cost-competitive with gasoline

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 10, 2020

A new study by a team at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) concludes that a high-pressure, scalable, intra-city hydrogen pipeline system could improve the economics and logistics of hydrogen delivery, making it potentially cost-competitive with gasoline. kg—approximately equivalent to a gasoline cost of $2.7/gal

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Gasoline Los Angeles Chad

2022 Rogue to feature Nissan’s all-new 1.5-liter VC-Turbo variable compression engine

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 22, 2021

Mated with a responsive new transmission, the 2022 Rogue delivers improved power, best-in-class gasoline-engine fuel economy, most standard torque of any gasoline engine in its class and a more thrilling driving experience. Rogue also maintains the most standard safety technology in its class for 2022.

Engine

Engine Fuel Economy Nissan Oil

Mazda announces SKYACTIV-X: gasoline Spark Controlled Compression Ignition

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 8, 2017

As part of the new technology to achieve this vision, the company disclosed plans to introduce a next-generation gasoline engine called SKYACTIV-X in 2019. This new proprietary combustion engine combines the advantages of gasoline and diesel engines to optimize environmental performance, power and acceleration performance. Yamasaki, Y.,

Mazda

Mazda Gasoline Fuel Economy Gasoline-Electric

Study finds catalyzed gasoline particulate filters effective at reducing particulate and PAH emissions from GDI engines

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2018

The researchers assessed the gaseous, particulate, and genotoxic pollutants from two current technology gasoline direct injection vehicles when tested in their original configuration and with a catalyzed gasoline particulate filter (GPF). Their study is publishedin the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. Yang et al.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Engine Fuel Economy

EPA trends report sees record levels of average new vehicle fuel economy and CO2 emissions for MY 2012; role of new gasoline vehicle technologies

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 13, 2013

EPA projects advanced transmissions (6+ speeds and CVTs), gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, and turbocharged engines will be installed on at least 15% of all MY 2013 vehicles. The majority of the emissions and fuel savings from current vehicles, EPA noted, is due to new gasoline vehicle technologies. Click to enlarge.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy 2012 Economy EPA

CBO report finds new CAFE standards would reduce gasoline tax by 21% in 2040; $57B drop to Highway Trust Fund from 2012-2022

Green Car Congress

MAY 3, 2012

In a new report, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) finds that the fuel economy standards proposed for model years 2017 through 2025 would eventually reduce revenues from the gasoline tax by 21% in 2040. gasoline tax revenues, however, would not occur for. How Would Proposed Fuel Economy Standards.

Tax

Tax Gasoline 2012 Standards

EPA fuel economy report finds weight and power leveling off, footprint stable

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2018

EPA recently released the latest edition of its annual report Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Fuel Economy Trends. The report is the authoritative reference for real-world fuel economy, technology trends and tailpipe carbon dioxide emissions, for new personal vehicles sold in the US every year since 1975.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy EPA Fuel

New Delphi Technologies 500+ bar GDi system cuts gasoline particulate emissions by up to 50%, reduces fuel consumption

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2019

Reducing the number of exhaust gas particulates, including those smaller than 23 nm, will help manufacturers meet increasingly stringent future global emissions standards. —Walter Piock, chief engineer, Gasoline Systems, Delphi Technologies. Delphi 500+ bar GDi pump. Delphi 500+ bar GDi injector.

Emissions

Emissions Gasoline Fuel Exhaust

IHS Markit: GM announcement latest sign that peak gasoline demand from light vehicles has already come and gone

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 18, 2021

IHS Markit places the global peak for oil demand (gasoline and diesel) from LVs in 2019 when the demand averaged 29.1 Demand peaking is due to the impact of rising vehicle fuel economy and emission standards, and as time goes by, from more sales of electric vehicles. million barrels per day (MMb/d).

Light

Light GM Gasoline Oil

Cleaner fuels have replaced more than 3B gallons of diesel under California Low Carbon Fuel Standard

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2019

New 2018 data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) indicates that the state’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) continues to drive production of a growing volume of cleaner transportation fuels for California consumers. The standard provides consumers with a growing variety and volume of cleaner fuels. To date almost 3.3

Cleaner

Cleaner California Standards Carbon

CMU study finds secondary organic aerosol production from PFI and GDI vehicles has been “substantially” reduced by tightening NMOG standards

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2018

Now, in a new study published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology , researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have found that secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production from both port fuel injection (PFI) and gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles has been substantially reduced through the tightening of NMOG emissions.

Standards

Standards Production Exhaust Gasoline

Recent on-road real-world emission testing in India highlights disparity between cycles, gasoline and diesel

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2017

The results highlight the disparity between test-cycles and real-world emissions as well as the large disparity between gasoline and diesel vehicles. Red dotted lines represent the corresponding Bharat Stage IV (BS IV) NO x emission standard according to vehicle type: 0.08 gNO x /km for gasoline; and 0.25 Source: The ICCT.

Gasoline

Gasoline India Diesel Emissions

EPA to maintain light-duty vehicle GHG standards unchanged through 2025

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2017

In an expected ruling, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Gina McCarthy finalized her decision to maintain the current greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions standards for model years 2022-2025 cars and light trucks. The Standards Will Achieve Significant CO 2 and Oil Reductions. Earlier post.) Click to enlarge.

EPA

EPA Light Standards Fuel Economy

Study finds CO2 emissions trading more effective path to automotive CO2 reduction in Europe than tailpipe standards

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 11, 2016

Switching from the automotive standards to the trading scheme could save as much as €63 billion, says the study’s lead author Sergey Paltsev, deputy director at MIT’s Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change and senior research scientist at the MIT Energy Initiative. —Paltsev et al. —Sergey Paltsev.

Standards

Standards Emissions Europe CO2

EIA: trends in downsized engine design leading to increased demand for higher-octane gasoline

Green Car Congress

APRIL 6, 2016

Since 2013, the share of premium gasoline in total motor gasoline sales in the US has steadily increased to 11.3% The octane rating of gasoline is an indicator of its resistance to spontaneous combustion. Use of higher-octane gasoline can offset the increased risk of engine knock caused by increasing engine compression.

Downsizing

Downsizing Gasoline Engine Design

Honda develops VTEC Turbo direct injection gasoline engine family, including 1.0L 3-cylinder unit

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 19, 2013

L 3-cylinder direct injection gasoline turbo engine. announced that it has newly developed the VTEC Turbo, a direct injection gasoline turbo engine family most suitable for small-to-medium-sized vehicles. 4-cylinder direct injection gasoline turbo engine. L 4-cylinder direct injection gasoline turbo engine / 1.0

Gasoline

Gasoline Honda Engine Downsizing

IFQC annual ranking of gasoline sulfur standards sees progress around the world; US drops to 46th

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2011

Maximum gasoline sulfur limits. A trio of European countries and one from South America made major strides in reducing their levels of sulfur content in gasoline, allowing them to advance in the annual global ranking published by Hart Energy’s International Fuel Quality Center (IFQC). Click to enlarge. —Frederick L.

Gasoline

Gasoline Standards Montenegro Croatia

EIA forecast of 2014 US gasoline use has risen 2 billion gallons (1.6%) in past 10 months

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 11, 2014

The US Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) short-term forecasts of US gasoline consumption, which cover the current and upcoming calendar year, have risen 1.6% The latest Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) expects 2014 gasoline consumption to be 8.82 over the past year. million barrels per day (135.2 billion gallons).

2014

2014 Gasoline 2013 Fuel Economy

ADEPT project to apply gasoline engine HyBoost system to diesel; 48V architecture; full hybrid fuel economy at much lower cost

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2013

The project aims to deliver full hybrid equivalent fuel economy and performance with less than 70 g/km CO 2 emissions as measured over the European Drive Cycle, but at a significantly lower cost. version of its vehicle (a 2009 Ford Focus) but with fuel economy and CO 2 emissions approaching those of a Prius.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Diesel Economy Gasoline

Nissan introduces 2014 Pathfinder Hybrid SUV with FF hybrid system; 24% improvement in fuel economy over conventional

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2013

Fuel economy is estimated at 26 mpg (9.0 l/100 km) combined, an increase of 24% over the standard Pathfinder. Estimated city fuel economy is 25 mpg (9.4 For the Hybrid version, Pathfinder’s standard 3.5-liter liter gasoline engine and an electric motor paired with a compact Li-ion battery. liter V6 models.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy 2014 Economy Hybrid

India to introduce new fuel efficiency standards

Green Car Congress

MAY 4, 2011

India plans to introduce new fuel efficiency standards; the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards will give auto manufacturers time until 2015 to increase fuel economy from the current average of 14.1 L/100km) of gasoline to 17.3 Hindustan Times. km/liter (33.2 mpg US, 7.1 km/liter (40.7 mpg US, 5.8

India

India Standards Fuel Fuel Economy

EPA annual trends report finds new vehicle fuel economy at record 24.1 mpg; new powertrain technologies rapidly gaining share

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2014

EPA released the latest edition of its annual report on trends in CO 2 emissions, fuel economy and powertrain technology for new personal vehicles in the US. Fuel economy has now increased in eight of the last nine years; average carbon dioxide emissions are also at a record low of 369 g/mile in model year 2013. Fuel economy.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy MPG Economy EPA

Study estimates fuel economy improvements to US light-duty vehicles from 1975–2018 saved 2T gallons of fuel, 17B tons of CO2

EIA: fuel economy standards drive down projected gasoline use; diesel use, product exports rise

Gasoline consumption per capita in 2020 was on par with that in 1965

Study finds GHG emissions from corn ethanol now 46% lower than gasoline

MIT study finds fuel economy standards are 6-14 times less cost effective than fuel tax for reducing gasoline use

Studies highlight effects of different gasoline components on fuel economy, combustion and emissions

EPA finalizes greenhouse gas standards for LDVs MY 2023-2026

New 2023 Toyota Sequoia full-size SUV comes standard with Hybrid i-FORCE MAX Powertrain

DOE proposes revising procedures for calculating petroleum-equivalent fuel economy of EVs for use in CAFE calculations

NHTSA finalizes CAFE standards for Model Year 2024-2026; fleet average of 49 mpg by 2026

U Chicago study proposes market-based approach to fuel economy standards to deal with impacts of fuel price volatility

EIA: fuel economy improvements bring diminishing returns in fuel savings

EPA’s annual automotive trends report shows slight increase in fuel economy from MY2017 to MY2018

Japan Ministries propose light commercial vehicle fuel economy standards for 2022

2015 Ford F-150 offers highest EPA-estimated fuel economy among full-size gasoline-powered pickups

Groupe Renault creating first European factory dedicated to the circular economy of mobility in Flins

Corning hits 1-million-unit milestone with gasoline particulate filter production

Government of Québec launches $6.7B 2030 Green Economy Plan; emphasis on transportation electrification

CARB releases results of multi-year E15 study; multiple air quality benefits with slight reduction in fuel economy

Blue Bird to begin production of updated propane and gasoline buses with Ford 7.3L V8 and ROUSH fuel system

Setting New Standards for Clean Cars

Obama Administration announces first fuel economy and GHG standards for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles

NREL study finds high-pressure hydrogen pipeline system could potentially make hydrogen cost-competitive with gasoline

2022 Rogue to feature Nissan’s all-new 1.5-liter VC-Turbo variable compression engine

Mazda announces SKYACTIV-X: gasoline Spark Controlled Compression Ignition

Study finds catalyzed gasoline particulate filters effective at reducing particulate and PAH emissions from GDI engines

EPA trends report sees record levels of average new vehicle fuel economy and CO2 emissions for MY 2012; role of new gasoline vehicle technologies

CBO report finds new CAFE standards would reduce gasoline tax by 21% in 2040; $57B drop to Highway Trust Fund from 2012-2022

EPA fuel economy report finds weight and power leveling off, footprint stable

New Delphi Technologies 500+ bar GDi system cuts gasoline particulate emissions by up to 50%, reduces fuel consumption

IHS Markit: GM announcement latest sign that peak gasoline demand from light vehicles has already come and gone

Cleaner fuels have replaced more than 3B gallons of diesel under California Low Carbon Fuel Standard

CMU study finds secondary organic aerosol production from PFI and GDI vehicles has been “substantially” reduced by tightening NMOG standards

Recent on-road real-world emission testing in India highlights disparity between cycles, gasoline and diesel

EPA to maintain light-duty vehicle GHG standards unchanged through 2025

Study finds CO2 emissions trading more effective path to automotive CO2 reduction in Europe than tailpipe standards

EIA: trends in downsized engine design leading to increased demand for higher-octane gasoline

Honda develops VTEC Turbo direct injection gasoline engine family, including 1.0L 3-cylinder unit

IFQC annual ranking of gasoline sulfur standards sees progress around the world; US drops to 46th

EIA forecast of 2014 US gasoline use has risen 2 billion gallons (1.6%) in past 10 months

ADEPT project to apply gasoline engine HyBoost system to diesel; 48V architecture; full hybrid fuel economy at much lower cost

Nissan introduces 2014 Pathfinder Hybrid SUV with FF hybrid system; 24% improvement in fuel economy over conventional

India to introduce new fuel efficiency standards

EPA annual trends report finds new vehicle fuel economy at record 24.1 mpg; new powertrain technologies rapidly gaining share

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