Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2014

Ozone, the main component of smog, is a plant-damaging pollutant formed by emissions from vehicles, cooking stoves and other sources. New research shows that ozone pollution damaged millions of tons of wheat, rice, soybean and cotton crops in India in 2005. Surface ozone pollution in India damaged 6 million metric tons (6.7

Ozone 239

Ozone 2005 India Pollution 239

Green Car Congress

APRIL 22, 2011

A study by researchers at the University of Texas found that in general, use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can lead to an increase in ozone during nighttime hours (due to decreased scavenging from both vehicles and EGU stacks) and a decrease in ozone during daytime hours.

Ozone 218

Ozone PHEV Texas San Antonio 218

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2020

The modeled 2028 base year 8-hour ozone design values were found to be above the 70 ppb NAAQS for 75 monitoring locations. By 2035, 46 states will be in attainment with the 2015 ozone NAAQS of 70 ppb (only counties in California and Utah remain in nonattainment). Source: MECA. ppb in the west (San Bernardino, CA) and 4.9

Cleaner 243

Cleaner Ozone Emissions Atlanta 243

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 7, 2010

Counties projected to violate proposed Primary 8-hour Ground-Level Ozone Standards in 2020. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has proposed the strictest standards to date for ground-level ozone. EPA is proposing an accelerated schedule for designating areas for the primary ozone standard. Source: EPA.

Ozone 186

Ozone EPA Standards Arlington 186

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 10, 2013

Among the many climate-related vulnerabilities that can impact its mission, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cites a likely increase in tropospheric ozone pollution as potentially making it more difficult to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards ( NAAQS ) in many areas with existing ozone problems.

Climate Change 210

Climate Change Ozone Climate EPA 210

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 16, 2009

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will reconsider the 2008 primary and secondary ozone standards. In 2008, EPA established a new primary 8-hour standard for ozone of 0.075 parts per million (ppm), and a new secondary standard set at a form and level identical to the new primary standard. ppm standard, due to rounding.

Ozone 199

Ozone EPA Standards 2008 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2011

US EPA Region 9 8-hour ozone trends, 1979-2000. These State Implementation Plans (SIPs) are the roadmaps to meeting the 1997 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 0.08 In 1997, EPA first established the 8-hour ozone standard, which replaced the older 1-hour ozone standard (0.12 Source: EPA.

Ozone 236

Ozone EPA Pollution 2002 236

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2014

The purpose of the federal RFG program is to improve air quality in certain areas through the use of gasoline that is reformulated to reduce motor vehicle emissions that lead to the formation of ground-level ozone. States which are designated by EPA as part of the Ozone Transport Region, such as Maine, can “opt-in” to the program.

EPA 239

EPA Gasoline Ozone District of Columbia 239

Green Car Congress

MAY 7, 2019

The buses and charging systems were designed and manufactured locally by Proterra, based in Burlingame, Calif. The electric bus fleet is anticipated to reduce ozone emissions by 1.1 tons over a 10-year period—the equivalent of 50 gas-powered passenger vehicles taken off the roads.

Fleet 328

Fleet International Indianapolis Sacramento 328

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

In a paper published in the journal Atmospheric Environment , they report on the findings from a suite of scenarios designed to quantify the effect of both the magnitude of EV market penetration and the source of electricity generation used to power them. Seasons and times of day. Schnell et al.

Conversion 281

Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal 281

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 14, 2020

HFCs are synthetic gases that are used in a variety of applications, but mainly to replace ozone-depleting substances in aerosols, foams, refrigeration and air-conditioning. The California Air Resources Board recently approved first-in-the-nation rules to curb the impact of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants.

Pollution 281

Pollution California Commercial Climate 281

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2018

When ethane and propane—the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in the atmosphere—mix with nitrogen oxides from vehicles and power plants they form tropospheric ozone—a key component of smog and directly linked to increases in mortality. —Professor Ally Lewis, a co-author of the study. —Dalsøren et al.

Emissions 210

Emissions Global Ozone 2011 210

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2021

At cruising altitude, airplanes emit a steady stream of NO x into the atmosphere, where the chemicals can linger to produce ozone and fine particulates. The details of the design, including analyses of its potential fuel cost and health impacts, are published in an open-access paper in the journal Energy and Environmental Science.

MIT 268

MIT Emissions Hybrid Gas-Electric 268

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate 287

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation 287

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2013

Maersk Container Industry (MCI) is calling for tougher enforcement of European environmental legislation designed to protect the Earth’s ozone layer and help prevent climate change. Current EU legislation bans the “import” or “placing on the market” of reefer containers with significant potential to damage the climate and ozone layer.

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Ozone 2002 Denmark Climate Change 225

Cars That Think

SEPTEMBER 22, 2021

Ionization can itself create ozone. The state of California has banned such ozone generators entirely. Coway , Luft , and Scosche all showed new models, with Coway winning a CES Innovation Award for its new Design Flex purifiers. an activated carbon filter can remove volatile organic compounds and ozone from the air.

Ozone 69

Ozone Pollution Portland Neighborhood 69

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 14, 2021

This category of emissions is the largest source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by automobiles, which are a main source of haze, ozone, and particulate matter. If fuel vapor is released into the atmosphere, it contributes to a category of pollutants known as evaporative emissions.

Eaton 221

Eaton Emissions Gasoline-Electric Production 221

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 5, 2018

These releases increase emissions of toxic air pollutants such as benzene as well as reactive organic gases that can react with other air pollutants to form ozone. This is necessary, CARB staff said, as new capless fill pipe designs continue to be introduced by multiple manufacturers in California.

Gasoline 210

Gasoline Fuel Sacramento Ozone 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2020

The annual fine particle standard is designed to protect against health effects associated with both long- and short- term exposure to PM 2.5. The 24-hour primary standard is designed to provide supplemental health protection against short-term fine particle exposures, particularly in areas with high peak PM 2.5 concentrations.

EPA 186

EPA Standards Ozone Pollution 186

Green Car Congress

MAY 26, 2018

As designed, the plan approved today invests about 50% of the available funds in those communities. The illegal software, or defeat device, was specifically designed to operate emission control equipment when a vehicle is tested. More than 10 million Californians live in areas in extreme non-compliance areas for ozone.

Ozone 277

Ozone Vehicles California Installation 277

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2020

That the reduction has not materialized—and that global emissions have instead risen—is a puzzle, and may have implications for the Montreal Protocol, the international treaty that was designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer.

Emissions 199

Emissions India Ozone 2017 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 16, 2018

The results, published in an open-access paper in the journal Science , suggest that the focus of efforts to mitigate ozone formation and toxic chemical burdens need to be adjusted, the authors suggested. But volatile chemical products used in common solvents and personal care products are literally designed to evaporate.

Pollution 264

Pollution Transportation Production Los Angeles 264

Green Car Congress

JUNE 29, 2021

The project also supports RTC’s efforts to transition its aging diesel bus fleet to zero emission vehicles to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in an area where ozone levels currently exceed air quality targets. Each year, CTE staff advise transit agencies on effective strategies for developing Low-No grant applications.

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Grant Kansas City Vehicles Chicago 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 15, 2020

The company will also extend the warranty period for certain parts in the repaired vehicles, perform projects to mitigate excess ozone-creating nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emitted from the vehicles, and implement new internal audit procedures designed to prevent future emissions cheating.

District of Columbia 286

District of Columbia Emissions Diesel Mercedes 286

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 10, 2014

An Eligible Area for the awards is either: Designated as a non-attainment area for ozone or carbon monoxide under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. A maintenance area, as defined in section 5303, for ozone or carbon monoxide. The LoNo Program is not a platform for the development of prototypes, FTA cautions.

Emissions 268

Emissions Ozone Maintenance Hydrogen 268

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2011

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has designated the five-county Philadelphia region of Bucks, Delaware, Chester, Montgomery and Philadelphia counties as non-attainment for ozone and fine particulate matter air quality standards.

Pennsylvania 186

Pennsylvania Grant Clean Cleaning 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2010

This proposal reduces emissions contributing to fine particle (PM 2.5 ) and ozone nonattainment that often travel across state lines. SO 2 and NO x react in the atmosphere to form fine particle pollution and ground-level ozone (smog), which are linked to widespread illnesses and premature deaths. NO x emissions would drop by 52%.

Pollution 218

Pollution EPA Transportation DC 218

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2011

On a per-storage basis, the team found that the NiMH technology was found to have the highest environmental impact, followed by NCM and then LFP, for all categories considered except ozone depletion potential. Differences in battery designs can lead to important variations in environmental impacts.

Nickel Metal Hydride 334

Nickel Metal Hydride NiMH PHEV Li-ion 334

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2018

Ozone, another important component of outdoor air pollution, whose levels are on the rise around the world, contributed to 234,000 deaths from chronic lung disease. Population-weighted seasonal average ozone concentrations in 2016. Worldwide exposure to PM 2.5 contributed to 4.1 State of Global Air 2018.

Pollution 218

Pollution Coal 2016 India 218

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

Ozonolysis—the cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds through reaction with ozone—is a reaction that plays a key role in a number of fields, including synthetic chemistry and tropospheric removal of unsaturated hydrocarbons. —Professor Dudley Shallcross, Professor in Atmospheric Chemistry at The University of Bristol.

Ozone 268

Ozone Climate Change Climate 2012 268

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2017

The studies are designed to minimize the effects of extraneous factors and focus on the relationship between the experimental exposure conditions and the biologic response being measured, for example, a temporary change in lung function. The goal is to observe temporary and reversible responses without causing clinical effects.

Pollution 150

Pollution Ozone EPA San Francisco 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 19, 2013

has paid $422,500 in penalties for supplying gasoline and diesel fuel in violation of California regulations designed to protect air quality. Chevron USA Inc. Chevron agreed to pay the penalties as part of three separate settlements it reached with the California Air Resources Board (ARB). In all, 15.9

Chevron 230

Chevron California San Jose Fuel 230

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 31, 2013

DOE selected this project to improve local air quality in the Houston-Galveston area, which is currently designated as a National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 8-hour ozone non-attainment area.

Houston 239

Houston Batteries Battery Ozone 239

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2016

The authors found that decreases in ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm (PM 10 ) and less than 2.5 While the study design does not establish causality, the findings support potential benefit of air pollution reduction on asthma control.

Pollution 150

Pollution Los Angeles California Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2010

These trucks will run substantially cleaner than other rigs of the same vintage, and the program is designed to make a difference in air quality along Southern roads. It is designed to help drivers and small businesses who might not normally qualify for such a loan but who want to make the move to a cleaner, greener truck.

Cleaner 186

Cleaner Clean Cleaning EPA 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2013

Investigators tested heavy-duty diesel engines from the three major manufacturers of these engines (Cummins, Detroit Diesel, and Volvo), and subjected them to well-established federal test procedures, and to a much more rigorous 16-hour operation cycle designed especially for ACES.

Diesel 296

Diesel Emissions 2004 San Antonio 296

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2011

It is also a precursor to the formation of ground-level ozone and particulate matter, and as a cause of acid rain. Overall our findings suggest that policies encouraging contiguous rather than isolated development may be an effective part of urban design strategies seeking to minimize NO 2 air pollution. —Bechle et al.

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Pollution Ozone Minnesota Global 225