PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon
Green Car Congress
MARCH 15, 2011
This type of application requires high round-trip energy efficiency and a long deep-cycle life, along with low operation and maintenance costs. Among the most important factors are capital cost and life-cycle cost. 15 years) and a long cycle life (e.g., Reliability, durability, and safety.
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