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Benchmark: Indonesia could become major cobalt producer; forecasts 30x boost

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HPAL has been used since 1961 when it was first put into commercial production at Moa Bay, Cuba. Indonesia’s nickel and cobalt are key components in global lithium ion battery supply chains. Although there was scepticism over these projects initially, financing from China has helped them be a success, Benchmark says.

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Perspective: Why Carbon Emissions Should Not Have Been the Focus of the UN Climate Change Summit and Why the 15th Conference of the Parties Should Have Focused on Technology Transfer

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In the period up to 2030, the energy supply infrastructure worldwide will require a total investment of US$26 trillion, with about half of that in developing countries. However, large ethanol plants face greater supply risk than smaller plants. According to the IEA, global energy demand will grow 55% by 2030. Financial Aid.