Charging Downsizing Exhaust Shelby 
Green Car Congress
APRIL 19, 2013
In a direct injection engine, they noted, the cooling of the charge and consequent knock relief provided by the evaporation of the fuel is proportional to the fuel flow per unit mass of air. Further, the effect of charge cooling on reducing the rate of autoignition kinetics is amplified by the high sensitivity of ethanol.
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 25, 2015
Knock and fuel octane rating are becoming increasingly important due to many powertrain design trends including downsizing, downspeeding, cylinder deactivation, and hybridization. … The concept of an “effective octane number” calculates overall knock resistance of fuel in modern engines, including the effects of charge cooling.
Green Car Congress
APRIL 29, 2009
Ford’s turbocharged, gasoline direct injection EcoBoost engines are targeted to play a significant near-term role in Ford’s efforts to reduce fuel consumption by enabling downsizing. Some of the droplets may escape into the exhaust system and result in high UHC emissions. The first application of this technology bundle in a 3.5L
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