Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 6, 2020

Net warming from NO x emissions is a sum over warming (short-term ozone increase) and cooling (decreases in methane and stratospheric water vapor, and a long-term decrease in ozone) terms. Seen together, the climate impact of these two factors is bigger than that of the sector’s carbon emissions.

Climate 448

Climate Emissions CO2 Climate Change 448

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2009

Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Credit: NASA. Click to enlarge.

Ozone 186

Ozone Water CO2 MIT 186

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 18, 2020

Vehicle electrification in the United States could prevent hundreds to thousands of premature deaths annually while reducing carbon emissions by hundreds of millions of tons. This study presents a nuanced look at electric vehicles and energy generation and found that electric vehicle adoption not only reduces greenhouse gases but saves lives.

Climate Change 261

Climate Change Pollution Climate 2014 261

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2014

The human health benefits associated with improvements in air quality related to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions improvements can offset 26–1,050% of the cost of US carbon policies, depending upon the type of policy, according to a new study by a team from MIT. Carbon-reduction policies significantly improve air quality.

MIT 231

MIT Carbon Climate Climate Change 231

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2020

The US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Targeted Air Shed Grant Program focuses on the regions that have the highest ozone and particulate matter (PM) pollution, including California’s South Coast Air Basin.

Volvo 186

Volvo EPA Los Angeles Grant 186

Cars That Think

SEPTEMBER 22, 2021

Sold for US $299, the View Plus can gauge seven critical metrics: radon , particulates, carbon dioxide, humidity, temperature, volatile organic compounds, and air pressure. Ionization can itself create ozone. The state of California has banned such ozone generators entirely. In fact, ionization can itself create ozone.

Ozone 75

Ozone Pollution Portland Neighborhood 75

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2015

In 2014, Volkswagen of America announced that starting with the launch of the zero-tailpipe emissions battery-electric 2015 e-Golf ( earlier post ), it would invest in projects to offset the carbon emissions created from the e-Golf on a full lifecycle basis: production, distribution and up to approximately 36,000 miles (57,936 km) of driving.

Carbon 150

Carbon Personal Store Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2012

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has submitted its final Report to Congress on Black Carbon , in response to an October 2009 request from Congress to advance efforts to understand the role of black carbon (BC) in climate change. —Report to Congress on Black Carbon. Source: EPA. Click to enlarge. Source: EPA.

Congress 252

Congress EPA Carbon Emissions 252

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2015

Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) include methane, tropospheric ozone, black carbon, and fluorinated gases. They are powerful climate forcers that remain in the atmosphere for a much shorter period of time than carbon dioxide.

Pollution 150

Pollution Climate Concept California 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate 287

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation 287

Cars That Think

DECEMBER 19, 2021

Up there, 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb the sun’s ultraviolet light, protecting life far below. Eventually, they’ll add equipment to spray tiny aerosol particles of calcium carbonate, the compound found in limestone, blackboard chalk, and Tums antacids.

Ozone 120

Ozone Solar Climate Change Climate 120

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2014

The First Update will be presented to the Board on 22 May 2014 for consideration for approval. Achieving our long-term climate goal and 2032 ozone standards will require a much deeper penetration of ZEVs into the fleet. The draft version was released in February. Earlier post.).

Climate Change 218

Climate Change Climate California Ozone 218

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2009

Cutting HFCs, black carbon, tropospheric ozone, and methane can buy us about 40 years before we approach the dangerous threshold of 2°C warming. —co-author HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases originally developed as substitutes for ozone-depleting chemicals. Black Carbon. From Molina et al. Earlier post.) Mario Molina. (Dr.

Climate Change 186

Climate Change Climate Pollution Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

Ozonolysis—the cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds through reaction with ozone—is a reaction that plays a key role in a number of fields, including synthetic chemistry and tropospheric removal of unsaturated hydrocarbons. —Welz et al. In a commentary accompanying the main paper by Welz et al. ,

Ozone 268

Ozone Climate Change Climate 2012 268

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

In particular, the study led by Drew Shindell found that methane emissions have a larger warming impact due to those interactions than accounted for in current carbon-trading schemes or in the Kyoto Protocol. And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone. Shindell et al.

Climate Change 268

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution 268

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Results of the study suggest that soot is second only to carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming. Jacobson found that the combination of the two types of soot is the second-leading cause of global warming after carbon dioxide. Black carbon converts sunlight to heat and radiates it back to the air around it. Jacobson, J.

Global 230

Global Ozone CO2 Climate 230

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2012

In addition to CO 2 , other compounds such as ozone (O 3 ) precursors (nitrogen oxides (NO x =NO+NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) are emitted by ships. Of that, international shipping accounts for 83% (870 TgCO 2 yr ?1

Climate 240

Climate Emissions Ozone 2007 240

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2010

These connections arise because in many cases the agents of concern are the same, and in many cases the sources of the agents are the same or intimately connected.For example, surface ozone is both an air pollutant and a greenhouse gas. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs.

Climate Change 210

Climate Change Climate Pollution California 210

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 19, 2012

A view of the inside of the CitiSense sensor: the three cylindrical components detect ozone, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. The CitiSense sensors detect ozone, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, the most common pollutants emitted by cars and trucks. —Nikzad et al. Click to enlarge.

Pollution 236

Pollution San Diego Ozone 2012 236

Green Car Congress

APRIL 19, 2013

A study by a team of researchers from France and the US found that the origin of volatile hydrocarbons, other than methane, present in city air is mainly gasoline-powered vehicles. compounds containing 2-12 carbon atoms) are mainly produced by automobiles, a conclusion in line with previous findings.

Los Angeles 225

Los Angeles Pollution Gasoline Engine 225

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2017

We continuously measure the concentration of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds at our urban observatory in Innsbruck. The modelled fleet average contribution suggests that at least 90% of urban NO x emissions should originate from diesel driven vehicles at the present location. —Thomas Karl.

Europe 150

Europe Diesel Emissions Pollution 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

The cap-and-trade program also works in concert with other measures, such as standards for cleaner vehicles, low-carbon fuels, renewable electricity and energy efficiency, and complements and supports California’s existing efforts to reduce smog-forming and toxic air pollutants. ARB Staff presentation on Cap-and-Trade Program.

California 218

California Climate Climate Change Gas-Electric 218

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 21, 2011

The cap-and-trade joins a suite of other major climate program measures including standards for ultra-clean cars (Advanced Clean Cars, earlier post ), low-carbon fuels (Low Carbon Fuel Standard, earlier post ) and renewable electricity. the destruction of existing stores of ozone-depleting substances in the U.S. Earlier post.)

2012 218

2012 California Climate Change Climate 218

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2010

Keynote presentations by leading policymakers as well as detailed technical presentations and panel discussions are focusing on state-of-the-art and emerging technologies that can reduce aircraft noise, emissions and fuel consumption and ensure the safe and manageable growth of the aviation system.

Green 186

Green Future Chevron 2015 186

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2011

A polynomial chaos expansion and the probabilistic collocation method have been used to develop the metamodel, and its coefficients, so that it is applicable under a broad range of present-day and future conditions. Thus excluding the urban processing model could lead to an overestimation of some aerosols and an underestimation of others.

MIT 199

MIT Pollution Climate South Korea 199

Cars That Think

NOVEMBER 16, 2021

Yet if countries continue on their present course, the world will likely have warmed by 2.7° Spectrum : When you talk about climate interventions, are you including carbon removal and sequestration in that category? We do some work on carbon removal, but that's pretty big space with a lot of investment. C by then.

Climate 142

Climate Climate Change Mariner Pollution 142

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2009

The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. Unger et al. Click to enlarge.

Climate 150

Climate Emissions Transportation Climate Change 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

Life cycle inventories have typically been presented at global, national, or regional levels—sufficient for understanding global processes such as climate change and fossil fuel depletion, but insufficient for the analysis of local processes such as air pollution, according to the researchers. 1 , corn ethanol: 10).

Gasoline 236

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution 236

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2009

Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. This is mainly as a result of carbon releases from the soils and land. Rapeseed biodiesel as an example of the varied environmental impacts of a particular biofuel. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”.

Ozone 186

Ozone Water Emissions Oil 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2020

The program will demonstrate that a suite of commercially available, EPA-rail-certified engines present a near-term, low-risk solution to create an affordable RNG hybrid line-haul locomotive with near zero emissions while simultaneously improving fuel cost by 50%. g/bhp-hr of NOx, a reduction of 400 times.

Grant 243

Grant Hybrid Ozone EPA 243

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 2, 2009

Unless emissions of carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced—i.e., The report assesses the two main kinds of geoengineering techniques: Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and Solar Radiation Management (SRM). However, there are some serious questions over adverse effects, particularly depletion of stratospheric ozone.

Climate Change 186

Climate Change Climate Price International 186

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines. —Saliba et al. versus 6.3 ± 1.1

Fleet 207

Fleet Engine Global Fuel Economy 207

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2010

During the public comment period, ARB staff will continue to meet with stakeholders to refine the regulation and develop proposed changes to present at the Board hearing. Over time, the cap will steadily decline. Because the allowances are tradable, individual emitters do not have specific emission limits. Offset Protocols.

2015 210

2015 Transportation Fuel Emissions 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2016

Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. A snapshot from a simulation of how Bakken oil field hydrocarbon emissions including ethane affect North American ground-level ozone concentrations.

Global 150

Global Ozone Emissions North Dakota 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 30, 2013

Generic process flow diagram for lithium-ion batteries for vehicles (color coded to present LCI data sources). In addition, a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) anode technology for possible future use in these batteries was assessed. Source: “Application of LCA to Nanoscale Technology”. Click to enlarge. Life-cycle stages.

Li-ion 210

Li-ion PHEV Batteries Battery 210

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2012

As part of the work, they also presented what they called “ the most comprehensive chemical speciation of diesel fuel to date ” with more than 90% mass closure as part of an overall assessment of gasoline and diesel fuel.) Previous work has shown nontailpipe emissions account for ?30% 1 for gasoline and 0.86 ± 0.25

Diesel 281

Diesel Los Angeles Exhaust Gasoline 281

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2009

Biofuels based on low input cultivation of non-food crops offers promise in developing countries as a source of energy, in part because energy use is often very low at present. No study in the review presents results in terms of biodiversity. However very few studies include water use impacts. Menichetti and Otto. Ravindranath et al.

Conversion 150

Conversion Water Emissions 2009 150