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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

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The future grid will face significant challenges by providing clean power from intermittent resources to a much more dynamic load. EES has been considered as a key enabler of the smart grid or future grid, which is expected to integrate a significant amount of renewable energy resources while providing fuel (i.e.,

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Axion supplying PbC batteries to Norfolk Southern for all-battery switcher and working on line-haul hybrid locomotives; micro-hybrid and stationary expansion

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In April, Axion Power International Inc received an order from Norfolk Southern Corp (NS) for PbC lead-carbon batteries for use in an all-battery-powered switcher locomotive. Sustain 80-85% round trip efficiency in PSOC applications; 90-95% in deep cycle applications. Source: NS. Click to enlarge.

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Ioxus Developing Higher Power Density Ultracapacitors

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The company has already designed an integrated ultracapacitor module to provide regenerative power assistance in retrofitting lead-acid battery powered forklifts. The use of the module also prevents the battery from deep cycling, extending the life of the battery.

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