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Daimler and Toray to establish JV for carbon-fiber based automobile parts; new production and joining process enables large-scale production

Toray Industries, Inc. and Daimler AG are forming a joint venture in Esslingen, Germany, for manufacturing and marketing of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) automobile parts. The name of the JV is still to be determined; Toray will hold 50.1%, Daimler 44.9%, and others, 5%.

Under a Joint Development Agreement (JDA) signed in March last year (earlier post), Toray, in addition to developing optimal carbon fiber intermediate materials for CFRP, has been working on the design and molding processes, with Daimler taking responsibility for designing parts and developing technologies for joining of the parts. The companies succeeded in developing a novel technology for mass-production of CFRP parts with a significantly shorter molding cycle: Short Cycle Resin Transfer Molding (SCRTM).

The partners plan to start supplying the mass-produced CFRP parts utilizing SCRTM for Daimler’s Mercedes-Benz passenger vehicles to be launched in 2012.

As the world’s largest manufacturer of carbon fibers, Toray has identified expansion of its Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Business in the automotive field as one of its top priorities. In June 2008, the company established the Automotive Center (AMC), a comprehensive development base for automotive applications, and the Advanced Composite Center (ACC), a center for developing technology and applications for CFRP products, in April 2009.

These centers serve as the core entities of the A&A (Automotive & Aircraft) Center in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, and are involved in the development of optimal materials and processes for automotive applications.

Lightweight construction is an integral part of Daimler’s strategy towards sustainable mobility. The company has set a development goal of reducing the body-in-white weight by up to 10% compared with the preceding model for all Mercedes-Benz vehicles with the aim of further improving fuel efficiency and reducing exhaust gas emissions. In order to achieve this goal, Daimler has been forcing developments of technologies based on the principle of allocating the right material in the right place. As part of this move, the company plans to actively adopt CFRP parts and increase the number of models using such parts.

Reducing the vehicle weight for boosting fuel efficiency is an important issue in the automobile industry. The move towards adoption of carbon fiber is expected to soon gain momentum as a solution for significantly reducing the automobile body weight. This weight-saving initiative by Toray and Daimler would partially offset any increase in weight caused by additional safety and comfort features or new technologies used in alternative drive systems. Furthermore CFRP parts contribute to an increased stiffness of the vehicle body, thereby further increasing the crash integrity of the passenger cell as well as the comfort.

The two companies intend to continue promoting their joint development to establish an overwhelmingly cost competitive mass production technology. The joint venture will manufacture and market CFRP parts to further promote the adoption of carbon fiber composite materials in the automotive field even beyond the current applications in e.g. sport cars.

Comments

Davemart

I wonder how this compares with BMW's efforts to go to carbon fibre in it's EV?
They also reckon they have substantially reduced costs.

HarveyD

Future molded fiber or re-enforced plastics parts will move in the automobile industries, specially for lighter e-vehicles, during the current decade. The first million units or so may be more costly but in the longer run, it will be competitive with heavier steel parts.

This is one more challenge and major change associated with vehicles electrification. Electrification of all ancillaries is moving ahead.

kelly

After a hundred years of materials science advances, there should be lighter, yet affordable, materials available.

HealthyBreeze

@HarveyD,
I would find your frequent predictions more credible and comforting if you would cite some fact or reason the well-known obstacles are much more likely to be overcome this next decade than last decade.

Davemart

I can't understand why they are not going for the far cheaper and nearly as strong basalt fibre.
The EDAG was considering it, but nothing seems to have happened.

nordic

The issues w/carbon fiber in autos too numerous to mention. Illustrative is Boeings new 787 plane (current status chaos or disaster depending on the source). They chose to make the center wing box out of aluminum "old school". This is the most critical stuctural member of an aircraft. Then structural spars in the wing box, made from composite, were incorporated as a weight-saving measure. Later, these spars had to be reinforced w/aluminum-this was one of the early issues with the plane publicized in 2008.
See: http://www.designnews.com/article/8571-Boeing_Stiffens_787_Wing_Box_Spars_More_Schedule_Delays_Possible.php

kelly

HealthyBreeze, in MHO the obstacles(specifications: stresses, energy required, ..) remain - it's the new technologies and materials available to defeat those obstacles.

The Bessemer converter in 1857 made steel cheap. "..the landmark Eads Bridge project across the Mississippi River in St. Louis, Missouri (completed 1874). This project was an important proof-of-concept for steel technology which marked the opening of a new steel market."(Wiki).

Has anyone noticed that mass adoption of a new technology often seems to require a human generation of ~20 years? Ex: 1960's mainframes - 1980's PCs, 1940's V2's - 1960's satellites, 1920's penicillin - 1940's mass production, etc.

The exception seems to be FULL government commitment. Ex: Manhattan Project - <4 year atom bomb, 1940's jet prototypes - 1950's military jets only, etc.

Maybe a PHD thesis has studied this.

Davemart

We shouldn't forget the extensive experience with the use of carbon fibre in racing cars, so a lot of the problems will have been tackled, although of course the cost limitations for production vehicles are a lot tighter.

HarveyD

Kelly.....are you saying that Government sponsored projects go 2 to 5 times faster? I almost believe you, but in war times only when lobbies are turned off. Look how quickly China (all Government sponsored projects) are implemented versus ours very slowed down versions.

A perfect example is their very high speed e-train network. They are implementing it 10+ times faster than us. The same will probably happen with electrified vehicles of all sizes and shapes.

The implementation of other technologies such as wind power, solar power, nuclear power etc will probably follow the same curve.

Our new age lobbyists democracy and unregulated free enterprise society will have to find better ways if we want to innovate faster and avoid falling too far behind.

Arne

I have mixed feelings about carbon composites, since their recyclability is problematic. You win some, you lose some.

ai_vin

@Harvey

Well Kelly did say "The exception seems to be FULL government commitment."

Every time I think about carbon-fibre I am reminded that hydrocarbons are too valuable to burn; http://wisconsinipl.org/assets/whatwedo/FOSSIL%20FUELS%20-%20Too%20Valuable%20to%20Burn.pdf

ai_vin

"Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have an almost infinite service lifetime when protected from the sun, and, unlike steel alloys, have no endurance limit when exposed to cyclic loading. When it is time to decommission CFRPs, they cannot be melted down in air like many metals. When free of vinyl (PVC or polyvinyl chloride) and other halogenated polymers, CFRPs can be thermally decomposed via thermal depolymerization in an oxygen-free environment. This can be accomplished in a refinery in a one-step process. Capture and reuse of the carbon and monomers is then possible. CFRPs can also be milled or shredded at low temperature to reclaim the carbon fiber, however this process shortens the fibers dramatically. Just as with downcycled paper, the shortened fibers cause the recycled material to be weaker than the original material. There are still many industrial applications that do not need the strength of full-length carbon fiber reinforcement. For example, chopped reclaimed carbon fiber can be used in consumer electronics, such as laptops. It provides excellent reinforcement of the polymers used even if it lacks the strength-to-weight ratio of an aerospace component."

mahonj

You can't really compare electric trains and electric cars.
Electric trains have their power supplied by overhead wires; electric cars have to store their power in batteries.
And batteries (as any fule kno) are the big problem.
People have been trying to build automotive grade (scale vs price) rechargeable batteries for 20 years, without much success.

The BBC did an illuminating run with an E-Mini from London to Edinburgh - 4 days for 484 miles.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-12138420

Must try harder.

Davemart

@mahonj:
There was nothing illuminating about the BBC stitch-up. If you operate outside of the design brief of a car or anything else, do not be surprised if it does not perform well.
I am not sure what they do not understand about 'city run-about', but I look forward to their next test, using a two seater sportscar to transport furniture.

HarveyD

The Tesla S sedan will be available with three different battery packs. The largest one will store enough energy for 500+ Km between charges (for normal size people). All that with 2011/2012 early technologies batteries.

Assuming a slow 8%/year progression, the model S equipped with 2020 batteries (of the same weight) should go about 1100 Km between charges.

That should be enough range for people in continued denial.

Of course, they will complain against high cost. In that case they could buy half size batteries and stop for a quick charge every 500 Km or so.

clett

Regarding the BBC's stupid article on the mini, of course it was going to take that long if you start with a low range vehicle that takes hours to recharge.

To show just how biased this 'test' was, a Tesla owner drove from London to Edinburgh in one day to show what can be done with a reasonable EV. ( http://www.teslamotors.com/about/press/releases/tesla-enthusiast-drives-edinburgh-emissionfree-dispels-bbc-ev-bias ). When level 3 (60 kW) chargers are available everywhere, you'll be able to top up 150 miles range in just 30 minutes.

Back to the topic of carbon fibre though, my main concern would be the shrugs and bodges performed by all the backstreet mechanics trying to make repairs.

kelly

ai_vin's reference has a point. There will still be MANY oil uses even if EV's do all light transportation.

Really, we basically let the Saudis nationalize our in-country oil discoveries and drilling since 1950. We've known they will totally gut us since the 1973 oil embargo. Then, they and their Koran Constitution sent 18 agents to test drive jets on 9/11/01.

Whether by "finders keepers", creating alternative technology supplies, or reducing demand - the US government should have focused on and settled the OPEC oil security threat decades ago.

kelly

ai_vin's reference has a point. There will still be MANY oil uses even if EV's do all light transportation.

Really, we basically let the Saudis nationalize our in-country oil discoveries and drilling since 1950. We've known they will totally gut us since the 1973 oil embargo. Then, they and their Koran Constitution sent 18 agents to test drive jets on 9/11/01.

Whether by "finders keepers", creating alternative technology supplies, or reducing demand - the US government should have focused on and settled the OPEC oil security threat decades ago.

riven

@ Davemart

First the basalt needs to be 'melted' at circa 1400C. This material then needs to be extruded in such a way as to produce a homogenous fiber.
Without alluding to the massive problems of building something that can withstand 1400C, molten rock/minerals tend to glop up into balls. This means that controlling the material going to the extruder is difficult and this would lead to fiber homogeneity issues.

Davemart

@riven:
I suspect you may be onto something in your comments on fibre homogenity, at least in reference to having sufficient consistency for use in stressed components, and the car companies seem to be wary of it.
However, the material is certainly successfully extruded, and finds many industrial applications:
http://www.basaltfm.com/eng/fiber/technology.html

And here is some info on potential use in cars - it is already used, for instance, in tripods for cameras:
http://www.basfiber.com/src/automotive.pdf

Herm

"I have mixed feelings about carbon composites, since their recyclability is problematic. You win some, you lose some."

Gasify the sucker, then make methanol out of the resulting syngas (0% solid waste).. you would probably recycle 60% of the energy in the material and meanwhile you got 20 years of use out of it reducing energy use in cars.

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