Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate 287

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation 287

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2012

Methane is both a potent greenhouse gas and an important precursor to ground-level ozone. Ozone, a key component of smog and also a greenhouse gas, damages crops and human health. Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to degraded air quality and global warming.

Carbon 257

Carbon Ozone Emissions International 257

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2011

HFCs are chemicals are potential substitutes for ozone-depleting and climate-warming CFCs and HCFCs currently being phased out under the Montreal Protocol treaty to protect the ozone layer. The Joint Task Force will submit its report by 1 August 2011.

Micronesia 186

Micronesia Ozone South Africa India 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2011

million metric tons of avoided ozone-related yield losses of major food crops; $US0.6-2.4 The aggressive scenario assumes major emissions reductions in Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East, the regions with the laxest emissions standards. The same was true of the Middle East and North Africa because of deserts in the region.

Climate 231

Climate Standards Emissions Climate Change 231

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2018

Ozone, another important component of outdoor air pollution, whose levels are on the rise around the world, contributed to 234,000 deaths from chronic lung disease. Population-weighted seasonal average ozone concentrations in 2016. Worldwide exposure to PM 2.5 contributed to 4.1 State of Global Air 2018. In 2016 a total of 2.5

Pollution 218

Pollution Coal 2016 India 218

Cars That Think

DECEMBER 19, 2021

Up there, 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb the sun’s ultraviolet light, protecting life far below. Even less is understood about the potential risks to people and the environment—could the particles deplete the ozone layer, for example, or significantly alter the weather? about 0.6 °C.

Ozone 117

Ozone Solar Climate Change Climate 117

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 17, 2015

In the EU exposure to fine particles and ozone claims 180,000 lives a year, including 35,000 in Germany. According to epidemiological studies, fine particulate matter leads to cerebrovascular, heart and pulmonary diseases and lung cancer, while ozone tends to cause pulmonary conditions such as chronic cough and shortness of breath.

Pollution 150

Pollution Ozone Saudi Arabia Asia 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

There is also growing concern among some scientists that thresholds or tipping points may now be reached in a matter of years or a few decades including significant changes to the Indian sub-continent’s monsoon, the Sahara and West Africa monsoons, and climate systems affecting a critical ecosystem like the Amazon rainforest.

Climate Change 259

Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone 259

Cars That Think

NOVEMBER 16, 2021

We see it as similar to the ozone hole problem, where we really needed a tight, science-based focus on the limits to human inputs to the system--and howthose inputs affected the ozone layer's ability to keep people safe. What do we have to offer these billion people? Spectrum : Where are these three parts of the world?

Climate 137

Climate Climate Change Mariner Pollution 137

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2012

Most of this infrared radiation passes through the atmosphere, but some is absorbed by GHG molecules like CO 2 , methane, ozone and others. Based on recent emissions inventories (2000 for global and 2005 for the United States), the majority of global BC emissions come from Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Source: EPA.

Congress 252

Congress EPA Carbon Emissions 252

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 6, 2013

Since Africa and the Middle East today have significantly higher sulfur levels and few regulatory standards in place compared with the rest of the world, this scenario assumes that these regions will achieve an interim target of 50 parts per million (ppm) sulfur fuel and Euro 4/IV–equivalent standards by 2025. Chambliss et al.

Emissions 220

Emissions Global Fuel Vehicles 220