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Significant climate anomalies 2008/2009. Source: ClimateChange Compendium. per year from 2000-2007. In 2007, summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean shrank to its smallest extent ever, 24% less than the previous record in 2005, and 34% less than the average minimum extent in the period 1970-2000. Click to enlarge.
In its recently released Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 – 2011 ( earlier post ), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported that methane (CH 4 ) emissions from the field production of natural gas have declined by 36% from 2007 to 2011 (from 83.1 ClimateChange Emissions Natural Gas'
Currently, anthropogenic N 2 O emissions represent the largest contribution to ozone depletion. The study, published online 27 August in the journal Science , for the first time evaluated nitrous oxide emissions from human activities in terms of their potential impact on Earth’s ozone layer. Source: Ravishankara et al. TgCO 2 e, 9.7%).
The US, Canada, and Mexico have submitted a proposal to strengthen climate protection under the Montreal Protocol— the international treaty that phases out the production of a number of substances responsible for ozone depletion. Climate protection from the Montreal and Kyoto protocols. Source: IGSD. Click to enlarge.
Although China and India remain the world’s largest consumers of coal, a new University of Maryland-led study found that China’s sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 75% since 2007, while India’s emissions increased by 50%. Illustration: Chris McLinden, Environment and ClimateChange Canada. Click to enlarge.
After a thorough scientific review ordered in 2007 by the US Supreme Court, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a proposal with two distinct findings regarding greenhouse gases. In both magnitude and probability, climatechange is an enormous problem. harm to water resources, agriculture, wildlife and ecosystems.
EPA finds that California does not need its GHG and ZEV standards to meet compelling and extraordinary conditions because: Those standards address environmental problems that are not particular or unique to California (an argument adduced by the Bush administration’s EPA when it denied California’s waiver request in 2007, earlier post ); and.
from 2007 to 2008. While the concentration of CH 4 was stable for seven years (from 1999 to 2006), both 2007 and 2008 show a significant increase. ppb higher than in 2007, and 19% above the pre-industrial level. Tags: ClimateChange Emissions. ppm, CH 4 at 1,797 ppb and N 2 O at 321.8 since 1990 and by 1.3%
Decomposition of the decadal change in total global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by four driving factors; population, income (GDP) per capita, energy intensity of GDP and carbon intensity of energy. The global economic crisis 2007/2008 only temporarily reduced emissions. WG III Summary for Policymakers. Click to enlarge.
while the US GDP is projected to grow by 40%, according to the fifth National Communication on US climatechange actions submitted by the US Department of State to the United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange. The United States released previous Climate Action Reports in 1994, 1997, 2002, and 2006.
1 from shipping in 2007, corresponding to 3.3% 1 of the total ship emissions in 2007. In addition to CO 2 , other compounds such as ozone (O 3 ) precursors (nitrogen oxides (NO x =NO+NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) are emitted by ships.
Health and other non-climate damages by life-cycle component for different combinations of fuels and light-duty automobiles in 2005 (top) and 2030 (bottom). Damages are expressed in cents per VMT (2007 USD). Source: “Hidden Costs of Energy”. Click to enlarge. Source: “Hidden Costs of Energy”. Click to enlarge.
The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. Tags: ClimateChange Emissions. Unger et al.
R134a replaced CFC-12 as the MAC refrigerant in the early 1990s due to the negative impact of CFCs on the Earth’s ozone layer. Baker (2007) Demonstration of an Energy-Efficient Secondary Loop HFC-152a Mobile Air Conditioning System. Mahmoud Ghodbane, Timothy D. Craig, and James A.
Emissions from transportation sources were relatively constant from 2002 through 2007, declined through 2013, then increased by 9.0 The transportation sector represents tailpipe emissions from on-road vehicles and direct emissions from other off-road mobile sources. It does not include emissions from petroleum refineries and oil production.
The draft amends the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 to include nonprofit hospitals and public health facilities among public institutions eligible for grants and loans for energy efficiency. The draft adds HFCs to the list of similar substances that EPA currently regulates because they deplete the ozone layer.
ARB staff reviewed four offset protocols and recommends that they be approved as part of this regulatory package: (1) the Urban Forest Projects Protocol; (2) the US Ozone Depleting Substances Projects Protocol; (3) the Livestock Manure (Digester) Projects Protocol; and (4) the US Forest Projects Protocol. Offset Protocols. Cap and Trade 2010.
After a thorough scientific review was ordered by the US Supreme Court in 2007, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued a proposal on greenhouse gases. It has been deemed by the EPA that the emissions from new motor vehicles and their engines contribute to these concentrations and threaten climatechange.
million program that Governor Schwarzenegger approved in 2007 to spur technological innovation in the transportation sector. Cars and trucks account for over half of the emissions that contribute to ozone and particulate matter as well as about 30% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in California.
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants, especially O 3 (ozone), is significantly associated with increasing emphysema, according to a new study led by the University of Washington, Columbia University and the University at Buffalo. The annual averages of ozone levels in study areas were between about 10 and 25 ppb.
1990; Anisimov, 2007] and chemical production of ozone in already-polluted locations [Jacobson, 2008b]. These three gases are all greenhouse gases, and ozone is a surface air pollutant. Short-term effects of Controlling Fossil-Fuel Soot, Biofuel Soot and Gases, and Methane on Climate, Arctic Ice, and Air Pollution Health.
In February 2008, GRF became one of the first forests—and the largest—to receive verification as a source of greenhouse gas reductions under the protocols of the Climate Action Reserve , adopted by the California Air Resources Board in 2007. ozone depletion potential (ODP). photochemical ozone creation potential.
In 2007, Jacobson and four colleagues testified in the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on the role of black carbon. C increased Arctic warming from 1890 to 2007. C increased Arctic warming from 1890 to 2007. F, with about 40% due to ozone. Earlier post.). Earlier post.). Earlier post.).
A few studies also include other relevant impact indicators as acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential and various toxicity potentials. 2007) may not be robust. ” In 2007/08, 0.9% Bringezu (eds) Biofuels: Environmental Consequences and Interactions with Changing Land Use. Turner et al.,
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