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Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

Green Car Congress

The first such vehicles were introduced by Volkswagen in 2003, and by 2004, they accounted for more than 17% of the Brazilian auto market. Before the introduction of the flex-fuel car in Brazil in 2003, cars running on ethanol fuel were primarily using pure ethanol or hydrous ethanol blends. 40 CFR § 80.27 40 CFR § 80.27(d)