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Google Unveils Faster, Cheaper Mechanism To Track Worldwide Deforestation Online; Support for Land Use Change Measurement, Verification and Reporting

by Jack Rosebro

Rondonia (2)
Progressive deforestation in Rondonia, Brazil as seen in satellite imagery; from left, 1975, 1989, and 2001. Sources: USGS Landsat images via Google Earth. Click to enlarge.

Through its philanthropic arm, Google.org, Google introduced an online suite of beta software that leverages cloud computing to track worldwide land-use changes such as deforestation.

The new tools are designed to be used by policy makers, governments, the scientific community, and the public via a dedicated Forest Carbon Tracking portal, and were introduced at the UNFCCC climate summit in Copenhagen. The portal is maintained by The Group on Earth Observations (GEO), an international project to co-ordinate geospatial data through a shared system called the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS).

Although raw satellite imagery can be used to quantify the progression of deforestation over time, it is not responsive enough to track such activity quickly enough to inform the measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) processes that quantify carbon reduction, or to help law enforcement agencies stop illegal logging.

Software currently used to enhance satellite images include the Carnegie Landsat Analysis System (CLASlite), created by Greg Asner of the Carnegie Institute of Science, as well as SAD (Sistema Alerta de Deforestation), created by Carlos Souza of the Instituto Do Homem E Meio Ambiente Da Amazonia (IMAZON). These programs, which are used throughout Latin America, are designed to be used on a stand-alone computer. However, the programs can be hampered by limited access to large satellite image databases, and can take days or weeks to process a given dataset.

CLASlite
1986-2006 deforestation, in red, alongside earlier deforestation in Rondonia, Brazil. Sources: USGS Landsat images via Google Earth, as analyzed by Carnegie Landsat Analysis System (CLASlite) software. Click to enlarge.

Google converted CLASlite and SAD into a set of online tools riding on top of a prototype platform that uses historical and present-day satellite images provided through Google Earth. Using cloud computing, Google was able to reduce petabyte processing time dramatically. Beta testing is schedules to be expanded early next year, and the as yet unnamed platform will eventually be made available to the public.

Human destruction of the world’s forests is a primary topic at this month’s climate talks, due in part to its acceleration in recent decades as well as the ability of remaining forests to function as key carbon sinks. UNFCCC discussions of deforestation are conducted under the umbrella of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation in Developing Countries (REDD) framework. Increased emissions arising from deforestation were not addressed by the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.

SAD
Deforestation during a recent 30-day period in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sources: USGS Landsat images via Google Earth, as analyzed by Sistema de Alerta de Desmatamento (SAD) software. Click to enlarge.

Most strategies are clustered around the concept of making forests “worth more alive than dead”. The 2006 Stern Economic Review of Climate Change estimated, for example, that protecting forests in just eight countries could avert up to 70% of emissions from land use at an initial cost of about USD 5 billion per annum. Emissions from tropical deforestation alone is now estimated to be greater than emissions for the global transportation sector.

Google.org is developing several complementary projects related to energy and the environment, including RE<C, a project to develop utility-scale renewable energy sources that are cheaper than coal, RechargeIT, an effort to accelerate the adoption of plug-in hybrid vehicles, and Google PowerMeter, a free electricity usage monitoring tool designed to be used with smart grids.

Comments

ejj

Of all the hip & trendy fad causes celebrities have embraced over the years, stopping rainforest deforestation is one I wish they continued supporting.

Aureon Kwolek

FALSE: “Emissions from tropical deforestation alone is now estimated to be greater than emissions for the global transportation sector.” FALSE – Nowhere Near. The False statement is another example of environmental radicals spreading false information to support their political agenda:

“It is standard for groups like World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to say that deforestation contributes 20 per cent of global emissions, but it’s closer to 5 percent as shown in our research report,” said Alan Oxley, Chairman of World Growth.” (See: “World Growth says deforestation numbers wildly exaggerated” – Biofuels Digest.)

In the Amazon, deforestation is caused by lumbering, cattle ranching, and subsistence farming. Up to 70% of the land where the big timber is cut – is not used for anything for years afterwards. And what’s left, the limbs and tops, along with the smaller trees that are still alive – are not burned. This is simply a hit and run for the big timber. If you automatically assume that all deforestation results in burning and emissions, your estimates will be way off.

Also, what’s left behind, the smaller trees and the fast growing underbrush and saplings will still continue to sequester CO2. So there are adjustments to make. You can’t get that information by watching satellite images and playing with fancy computer modeling. You need to be on the ground tracking the use of the land – Observing how and why the deforestation occurred: Was there burning or not - after the big timber was taken? What happened to the smaller trees and underbrush? How long did the land go unused? What came in afterwards, and when did that occur? Etc…Then you will have accurate data on deforestation.

In Indonesia, you also have a lumber industry, but deforestation is different. You don’t have a major cattle industry like you do in Brazil. Instead, you have a major paper pulp and printing industry and a major palm oil industry. So land there is totally clear-cut - First for the big timber. Then the smaller trees for paper pulp, and then used for palm-oil plantations. Up to 70% of the palm oil is used for human food consumption, not biofuel.

Furthermore, where do you draw the line? European environmentalists are squawking about deforestation in the Amazon and in Indonesia, after their ancestors destroyed 80% of their own forests in Europe. And in the U.S., we allow clear-cutting for urban sprawl, interstate highways, and lumber and pulpwood, etc…

Also, a lot of us are eating the meat and using the lumber, oil, paper and other products that are being produced on deforested land.

Mark_BC

It's a land grab scam where lumberers go in and take out the best trees, then sell the land off to cattle ranchers who ranch it until the soil is depleted, then the cycle moves on to the next patch of forest. Also, huge swaths in the Xingu area are being cleared for soy production, used as animal feed in meat factories to make beef. Very inefficient use of farmland.

arnold

Very cool.


This would be useful for carbon credits verification.

Deforestation is a globally significant contributor to carbon emission and the loss of carbon sink over a millennial timescale.

But the ignorant will never understand how the world really works with their short attention span and reliance of regurgitated baby food designed for the masses to benefit the few.

Some local councils are using this type to check backyard pool regulations are met.
As the regulations have all but eliminated backyard drownings, the deaths that occur are now from faulty locks or various 'single cause' accidents.

This leads to claims of intrusive monitoring as there are "no deaths from unregulated pool fencing"

Others will see that the regulations are working and that a sattelite picture is less intrusive than a physical inspection.

Much harder to injure threaten shoot etc a satellite that is spying on your backyard or forest.
Inspectors may be risking their lives in similar circumstances.

Henry Gibson

Because growth of large trees especially can remove much CO2 from the air, Forests are more efficiently used as a carbon sink rather than use the land to produce ethanol especially.

There is almost no cost to just allow forests to grow where there is adequate water. There is almost no natural reforestation where forests have been destroyed as demonstrated by the not replanted federal land near mount Saint Helens, and there are even places where simple replanting would not be adequate to rebuild a forest.

In the US with the present CO2 release values for the production of gasoline from coal or ethanol from corn, far less net CO2 would be released if the dent corn fields were planted with forests and gasoline made from oil or coal. ..HG..

arnold

A percentage of forest carbon sequesters year on year over eons via accelerated deposition to both shallows and deep undersea sinks. That value is lost compounding year on year to deforestation.
Forests lost to human activity could well be the large majority of deforested areas.
As Henry points out, I just prefer to see this on a geological time frame.

It would be impossible to accurately state the effect from humans activity over the critical last 10,000years as it cannot be tested.

Many practical observations point at a likely very high percentage lost this way.

By comparison fuel burning recovers through the carbon cycle, over time.

This means that one number set compounds (towards infinity) the other reduces (eventually).

Engineer-Poet

Having been to Mount St. Helens, I call bullshit on Henry Gibson.  The natural areas are reforesting, just slowly; they reforested after every eruption before humans were there, after all.  The intensively-managed areas run by Weyerhauser and the like are growing more trees faster, true, but that's what happens when you run a farm.

Engineer-Poet

Having been to Mount St. Helens, I call bullshit on Henry Gibson.  The natural areas are reforesting, just slowly; they reforested after every eruption before humans were there, after all.  The intensively-managed areas run by Weyerhauser and the like are growing more trees faster, true, but that's what happens when you run a farm.

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