• A new global technical regulation (UN GTR – 1998 Agreement) to improve the safety of motor vehicles’ occupants in the event of an impact against pole size objects (i.e. telegraph poles, signposts and trees).

  The UN GTR introduces requirements on lateral crash tests simulating this type of accident before vehicles are put on the market. It is expected that manufacturers will react by, amongst others, installing wider side airbags in order to increase passenger safety.

  This new UN GTR, the first harmonized, international vehicle safety legislation addressing this issue, introduces improvements in the protection of drivers’ and passengers’ heads. It will complement UN Regulation No. 95 dealing with car to car lateral collision, by addressing brain and spinal cord injuries more directly.

  It has the potential to prevent a high number of fatalities and serious injuries occurring in pole side impacts worldwide. In the nine countries for which data is available (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, Netherlands, Republic of Korea and United States) more than 10,000 people died in pole or other side impacts in 2009. In the same year, around the same number of people was severely injured in pole side impacts and more than 218,000 in other side impacts. Additionally, brain injuries, often severe, were the prevailing consequence of side impacts.

  Pole side impact tests exist today in Canada and the United States of America. The other contracting Parties to the 1998 Agreement are expected to adopt the new regulation.

• A new regulation on the recyclability of motor vehicles will significantly limit the waste production from end-of-life vehicles (ELV). The Regulation requires that 85% of the total mass of end-of-life vehicles be reusable (i.e. that components of end-of life vehicles are used for the same purpose for which they were conceived) and/or recyclable (i.e. reprocessed in a production process of waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes but excluding energy recovery)

  At the same time, 95% of the total mass shall be reusable and/or recoverable (i.e. reprocessed in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes, together with processing as a means of generating energy).

  The regulation stipulates that manufacturers shall demonstrate that their vehicles meet these requirements, based on the calculation method prescribed in ISO standard 22628:2002, before they can be put on the market.

  In Europe, the adoption of national legislation in several countries in the 1990s and the European Directive adopted in 2000 have led to significant improvements in the treatment of end-of-life vehicles in an environmentally-friendly manner.

  Japan also introduced similar legislation in 2002(Act No. 87 of July 12, 2002). Whereas some aspects of ELV-recycling—for example the minimum requirements for dismantling companies—depend on the regional or even local situation, this new regulation provides a globally harmonized framework for all the elements which deal with the design of the vehicles. The Regulation could provide the basis for the introduction of such measures for ELV in a number of countries, including Brazil, Canada, China, India, Mexico and Russia.

• A new UN regulation on Retrofit Emission Control (REC) devices will enable the retrofit of heavy duty vehicles and non-road mobile machinery in order to reduce the emissions of local air pollutants.

  In practice, this will allow to equip existing buses (and other vehicles covered by this new Regulation) with a new tailpipe so that they emit less PM and NO_x, aligning their emissions of these two pollutants to a lower target level (for instance: retrofitting from norm Euro I to Euro II, Euro II to Euro III, etc.), according to the specifications of relevant UN Regulations on the emission of air pollutants of heavy duty vehicles and non-road mobile machinery: UN Regulations No. 49 and 96.

  For other air pollutants, the regulation stipulates that retrofitting shall not result in increased emissions.

  This will open a new policy option for local governments to obtain significant reductions in the emissions of PM and NO_x from buses operating in city centers, for a fraction of the cost of the investment in new buses.

  The global target audience for the UN Regulation and its wide applicability have the potential, when combined with specific retrofit requirements in national and local legislation, to enable the achievement of a quicker containment of the emissions of air pollutants, speeding up the results delivered by the progressive replacement of vehicles and engines that are scrapped from the vehicle stock.

Separately, the United Nations Working Party on Pollution and Energy (GRPE) adopted the formal text for the World-Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) . That decision must still be confirmed by the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicles Regulations (WP.29) at its March 2014 session, noted the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) in an update . If the WP.29 does confirm the GRPE decision, the WLTP will be complete and ready to be implemented by individual countries.