Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 2, 2012

The UK’s Carbon Trust recently awarded £1.95 million) to two UK fuel cell companies—ACAL Energy and ITM Power—to help deliver a step change reduction in the cost of the technology to about $35/kW. Significant additional technological breakthroughs are needed to achieve this target of a 30% cost reduction.

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Cost Of Carbon Fuel Energy 231

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2009

Scientists at the University of Delaware are developing a new low-cost material for hydrogen storage—carbonized chicken feathers (CCFF)—that they say could meet the DOE requirements for hydrogen storage and are competitive with carbon nanotubes and metal hydrates at a tiny fraction of their cost.

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Hydrogen Carbon Delaware Universal 220

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2012

Ranges of automotive fuel cell system costs at mass manufactured volume using technology from three UK companies supported by the Carbon Trust. Source: Carbon Trust. Cost savings can be achieved by reducing material costs (notably platinum use), increasing power density, reducing system complexity and improving durability.

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Carbon Fuel Market Polymer 236

Green Car Congress

JUNE 6, 2010

GMP40 (60:40 weight ratio of mixed mesophase pitch carbon and phenolic resin) produced the best results. However, carbon remains the predominant commercial anode material solution at this point. Some studies have demonstrated that carbon coating of graphite improves the anode performance in LIBs. Credit: ACS, Lin et al.

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Li-ion Carbon Lithium Ion Charging 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2017

In a paper in the Journal ChemSusChem they report that using a novel gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) enables stable performance close to the theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g -1 ) of a low cost sulfur-carbon composite with high active material loading, i.e. 70% S. Agostini et al. Click to enlarge.

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Polymer Li-ion Energy Batteries 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 18, 2012

A gas diffusion layer without any catalysts was used as the baseline air electrode for comparison. Inspired by the tetrapod structures of a breakwater, the novel material for electrodes is created from affordable melamine foam and carbon black. They carbonized this product and extracted it with sulfuric acid. Source: Lee et al.

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Fuel Batteries Battery Carbon 225

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2012

Cost reduction potential of a polymer fuel cell system using an ITM Power membrane. Source: Carbon Trust. Click to enlarge. US Department of Energy (DOE) is targeting $30/kW. Source: US DOE. Click to enlarge.

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Fuel Power Powered Polymer 250

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 15, 2013

Electrochemical performance of the modified hollow carbon nanofiber cathode. (a) b) Comparison of cycling performance at C/2 with and without the PVP modification. Lithium sulfur batteries are of great interest due to their high specific energy and relatively low cost (e.g., Credit: ACS, Zheng et al. Click to enlarge.

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Lithium Sulfur Batteries Battery Polymer 334

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2013

Researchers at Wakayama University in Japan have produced a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas by irradiating a mixture of carbon powder and distilled water with intense nanosecond laser pulses at room temperature. The carbon or charcoal powders were dispersed in distilled water at a ratio of 25.8 —Akimoto et al.

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Water Hydrogen Carbon Gas 230

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2016

The MOF-based device shows an areal capacitance that exceeds those of most carbon-based materials and capacity retention greater than 90% over 10,000 cycles, in line with commercial devices. One class of materials that far surpasses even the porosity of activated carbons is metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). —Sheberla et al.

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MIT Carbon Belgium Universal 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 25, 2016

A team from the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a novel, environmentally friendly low-cost battery. Compared with conventional LIBs, this battery (AGDIB) shows an advantage in production cost (~ 50% lower), specific density (~1.3-2.0

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Chinese Li-ion Batteries Battery 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2017

Stuart Licht ( earlier post ) have developed a new process that transforms CO 2 into a controlled selection of nanotubes (CNTs) via molten electrolysis; they call the process C2CNT (CO2 into carbon nanotubes). This synthesis consumes only CO 2 and electricity, and is constrained only by the cost of electricity. —Ren et al.

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CO2 Carbon Gas-Electric 2017 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2013

Lithium-sulfur batteries are of great interest for electromobility applications, among others, due to their high specific energy and relatively low cost, but are challenged by significant capacity decay over cycling. The anode of the team’s prototype is made from a silicon-carbon compound rather than the more common metallic lithium.

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Lithium Sulfur Honolulu Li-ion 2012 255

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 26, 2016

DOE’s Office of Fossil Energy is seeking these projects as part of the Department’s Carbon Storage program, which has the goal of developing and advancing technologies to improve the effectiveness of carbon storage, reduce the cost of implementation, and be ready for widespread commercial deployment in the 2025–2035 timeframe.

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Convert Production Coal CO2 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 31, 2012

Their approach, described in a paper published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society , creates composites based on lithium sulfide uniformly dispersed in a carbon host, which serve to sequester polysulfides. Earlier post.) —Guo et al. polyacrylonitrile), to control the distribution of lithium sulfide in the host material.

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Li-ion Lithium Ion Batteries Battery 257

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 11, 2023

Researchers from UNSW Sydney (Australia) report in an open-access paper in the Journal of Power Sources on the use of hard carbons derived from automotive shredder residue (ASR) as a suitable anode electroactive material for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). The situation is much worse for graphite. —Sarkar et al.

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Sodium Carbon Batteries Battery 170

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 17, 2012

This project explores the use of specially designed nanostructured polymers to make high-energy, low-cost, flexible and stretchable batteries. Hybrid Materials for Reversible Capture of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Principal Investigator (PI): Zhenan Bao, chemical engineering. PI: Hemamala Karunadasa, chemistry.

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Energy Vehicles Power Powered 239

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2016

b) Comparison of tensile strength and strain to failure (elongation) of Ti-185 alloy with other commercially available Titanium alloys. However, wide scale adoption of β-titanium alloys in transportation applications has been limited due to its high cost. a) Ultimate tensile and yield strength of Ti-185 for three STA conditions. (b)

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Fuel Economy Economy CO2 Low Cost 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 2, 2012

Comparison of the discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency of MPSPs/PPAN anodes at various ratios versus cycle number. This performance combined with low cost processing yields a competitive anode material that will have an immediate and direct application in lithium ion batteries, according to the research team.

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Li-ion Universal Batteries Battery 240

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2015

The project to demonstrate Faradion’s sodium-ion battery technology has been part-funded by Innovate UK, the UK’s innovation agency in its latest competition for ‘disruptive technologies in low carbon vehicles’. Faradion Limited was established in 2011 to develop low-cost, non-aqueous sodium-ion (Na-ion) rechargeable batteries.

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Sodium Concept Li-ion Lithium Ion 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 23, 2012

For comparison, activated carbon control has also been plotted. Although activated carbon lies well within the Li-ion battery region for lower C rates (1 C), its performance drastically reduces at higher power rates. Ragone plot showing the energy density and power density of photothermally reduced graphene. Click to enlarge.

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Li-ion Lithium Ion Carbon Charging 240

Green Car Congress

JUNE 28, 2012

Various materials, including carbon materials, transition-metal oxides, conducting polymers, and hybrid composites have been widely studied as electrodes for these devices, the team notes. Comparison of cycling performance of (1) and (2) for 3000 cycles at 1.5 discharging rate, and excellent cycle stability.

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Li-ion Polymer Energy Storage Hybrid 281

Green Car Congress

MARCH 19, 2014

The data for 10 nm Sn (tin) NCs are shown for comparison. One molar LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate mixture containing 3 wt % of FEC was used as electrolyte for Li-ion cells, whereas 1 M NaClO 4 in propylene carbonate containing 10 wt % of FEC was used for Na-ion batteries. 20C (1C = 0.66 V potential range.

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Li-ion Sodium Batteries Battery 220

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 2, 2017

VO 2 (B) has been long regarded as a promising electrode material for LIBs after being first proposed in 1994 … owing to low cost, nontoxicity, and abundant sources. In addition, the theoretical capacity and energy density of VO 2 (B) (323 mAh/g at a redox voltage of 2.6 Wh/g), LiFePO 4 (165 mAh/g at 3.5 Credit: ACS, Lee et al.

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Li-ion Lithium Ion Energy Storage Connect 170

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2015

There are two major low grade silicon sources—metallurgical silicon (M-Si, ∼99 wt % Si) and ferrosilicon (F-Si, ∼ 83 wt % Si, ∼ 13 wt % Fe)—available at low cost (∼$1000/ton for metallurgical silicon, and ∼$600/ton for ferrosilicon). —Zhu et al. a) Si nanoparticles from metallurgical Si (M-Si) sources.

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F-150 Li-ion Energy Lithium Ion 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2013

They suggest that a low cost, non-flammable and heavy-metal-free aqueous cathode can contribute to the feasibility of scale-up of lithium-iodine batteries for practical energy storage. Li metal with 1 M of LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) electrolyte was used for the anode. kWh kg -1 cell (1.0

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Li-ion Ni-Li Energy Batteries 255

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2013

To prepare their batteries, the researchers used carbon nanotube (CNT) coated papers as the current collectors and deposited conventional active material layers (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and LiCoO 2 ) on top of them. Comparison of areal discharge capacities for planar, 1-fold, 2-fold, and 3-fold batteries. —Cheng et al. Click to enlarge.

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Li-ion Concept Energy Batteries 331

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2012

By comparison, syngas resulting from conventional gasification cannot be converted to pipeline quality natural gas without further processing. GreatPoint says that its system produces natural gas at the lowest cost in the industry and that its water consumption is half of that of competing gasification systems. pure methane).

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Coal Gas Purchase Energy 225

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2011

Both reports also emphasized that although natural gas is the lowest carbon fossil fuel, it is still a fossil fuel. ” The MIT report said that natural gas should be seen as a “ bridge ” to a low-carbon regime, rather than as the ultimate long-term solution itself.

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MIT Gas Climate Gas-Electric 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 30, 2010

In comparison, traditional yeast fermentation creates one molecule of CO 2 for every molecule of ethanol. Thus the carbon efficiency of the ZeaChem fermentation process is nearly 100% vs. 67% for yeast. At the N th plant, says CEO Jim Imbler, the process cost will be less than $1.00 ZeaChem Carbon Chain Product Groups.

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Production Commercial Hydrogen Convert 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

In particular, the study led by Drew Shindell found that methane emissions have a larger warming impact due to those interactions than accounted for in current carbon-trading schemes or in the Kyoto Protocol. Because the latter was a $126 billion/year market in 2008, even small differences in GWPs can have large economic consequences.

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Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution 268

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2010

This subtopic seeks research and development projects on novel lubricant formulations expected to improve the efficiency of advanced combustion regime engines by at least 10% (improvement based on comparison to similarly configured 2002 or later commercially available combustion engine). Subtopics include: Low-Cost Development of Magnesium.

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Li-ion Carbon Fiber Vehicles Low Cost 231

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2009

Furthermore, QinetiQ estimates that significant cost savings are possible in comparison with current commercial production Li-Ion chemistries through cheaper raw materials and a more energy-efficient patented manufacturing process.

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Li-ion Lithium Ion PHEV 2004 218

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 11, 2016

LMO is subject to the highest markup, at almost 200%, but the markup for NCA and NMC have substantial impacts on the cost per kWh as well. Like prismatic cells, lithium prices play a small role in the cost of NMC and NCA cylindrical cells. —Ciez and Whitacre. —Rebecca Ciez. 2016.11.054.

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Li-ion Lithium Ion Price Batteries 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 11, 2016

Lithium-sulfur batteries are extremely attractive as a next-generation energy storage solution due to their high theoretical energy density (2600 W·h·kg −1 ), environmental friendliness, and low cost due to the earth-abundant resource of elemental sulfur—also a byproduct from the petroleum industry. a) Voltage profiles for the 1.78

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Li-ion Lithium Sulfur Transportation Batteries 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 6, 2009

Comparison of the best NPMC (non-precious metal catalyst) in this work with a Pt-based catalyst. One of the obstacles to commercializing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the cost of the fuel cells themselves. Mitch Jacoby, “ Low-Cost Iron For Fuel Cells ”, Chemical and Engineering News , 6 April 2009, Vol. Lefèvre et al.

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Fuel Polymer 2009 Carbon 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 9, 2009

AFC has run thousands of hours of system and electrode tests, and in some instances has run comparison tests to ascertain the severity of the problem of CO 2 contamination in KOH. The Alpha System Fuel Cell is being developed as a low-cost, easy to maintain, mass manufactured unit that can be installed in modular blocks.

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