Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 14, 2015

According to data released by the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) in 2014, motor vehicles were responsible for 31% of local PM 2.5 2014) “Novel Characterization of GDI Engine Exhaust for Gasoline and Mid-Level Gasoline-Alcohol Blends,” SAE Int. emissions in 2014. 2015.11.019 Storey, J., Szybist, J., Fuels Lubr.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Emissions Engine Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2010

RVPs (predicted DVPE) of single- and dual-alcohol blends in gasoline with different relative proportions of ethanol and 1-butanol. Credit: ACS, Andersen et al. Click to enlarge.

Alcohol Blend 210

Alcohol Blend Gasoline Ozone Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

Since the 1973 oil crisis, a plethora of books and instruction manuals have been published in the US on the subject of how to build small stills to produce inexpensive 192-proof alcohol (hydrous ethanol) to be used to blend with gasoline in motor vehicles. Until fairly recently, these US motor vehicles were non-FFVs.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 25, 2012

The powertrain system—the patent application for which was filed in 2009—includes an electrical energy storage system—such as a Li-ion battery pack—and an electric traction motor. Fuels can include gasoline blends, and alcohol blended hydrocarbon fuel grades. E80, E85), and neat ethanol (E99).

Extended Range 400

Extended Range Plug-in Engine GM 400